Another study, however, found just the opposite of Carroll’s research. In Ault’s study of
student performance on the Ohio Sixth Grade Mathematics Proficiency Test, he found a
significant difference between the students’ mean score in the number relations sub-group
(2006). Students taught with traditional mathematics outperformed those in a standards-based
curriculum by 6.82 percent. Questions in the number relations section involved the computation
of whole numbers, decimals, and fractions (Ault, 2006)