Participants
Fifty-eight women with knee pain were
considered from a sample of convenience
for this study. Thirty-three women with
PFPS, between 16 and 35 years of age,
agreed to participate and met the inclusion
criteria for the study. Participants’
characteristics are presented in TABLE 1.
Seventeen women were assigned to the
hip group, 9 with bilateral and 8 with
unilateral symptoms, and 16 women were
assigned to the quad group, 7 with bilateral
and 9 with unilateral symptoms. A
certified athletic trainer associated with
the study evaluated all participants for
the presence or absence of inclusion criteria.
The inclusion criteria were that
participants needed to exhibit or report
(1) anterior or retropatellar knee pain
during at least 2 of the activities of stair
climbing, hopping, running, squatting,
kneeling, and prolonged sitting,