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Blocking D 2 can also produce such adverseeffects as the extrapyramidal side effects of dystonia,parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, and akathisia.However, other brain receptors (such as histamine,serotonin, acetylcholine, and muscarinic) are alsoimplicated in the antipsychotic action of both typicaland atypical antipsychotics, giving rise to bothdesired and adverse effects.Atypical antipsychotics include such drugs asclozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, andaripiprazole. Specifically, the major adverse effectsof atypical antipsychotics can include weight gain,glucose intolerance, elevation of blood lipids, andcardiac abnormalities.Thedifferentgroups ofadverseeffectsofatypicalantipsychotics can manifest as extrapyramidal,anticholinergic, autonomic, psychic, hormonal,and metabolic side effects. The metabolic effectsof antipsychotic medication treatment can result inan increased risk for obesity and other changes,demonstrating a potential between drug-inducedweight gain and risk for Type 2 diabetes, high-lighting the possible risk for insulin resistance forpeople who are treated with atypical antipsychotics(Perez-Iglesias et al., 2007; Scheen & De Hert,2007). Studies have found that the rate of obesityamong people living with psychotic disorders andtreated with antipsychotics is greater than that in thegeneral population (Coodin, 2001; Tschoner et al.,2007). Research has further highlighted the equalimportance of the treatment of drug-induced meta-bolic instability to reduce the risk for Type 2diabetes and the actual treatment of psychosis.
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