As far as the diachronic management is concerned, we have shown that the OOWs control both the
external risks (the collision risk) and the internal risks (the cognitive costs). This control is based on
their ability to anticipate and, in some cases, to avoid encounter situations. In some cases, in particular
as regards interactions with give-way vessels, we have shown that OOWs execute a manoeuvre, even
when they are the stand-on vessel, in order to avoid having to fall within the scope of a COLREG rule.
Chauvin and Lardjane (2008) made the same observation from a study of the car-ferries crossing the
Dover Straits.