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The interground FBC fly ash and silica fume can be used as a source material for making alkali-activated composites. The grinding improved the reactivity of FBC fly ash and the presence ofreactive silica fume also helped to increase the reactivity of thesystem. Silica fume reacted to form aluminosilicate and additionalcalcium silicate compounds in the composite matrix. These compoundsenhanced the physical properties of composite. However,high content of silica fume in geopolymer mixture increased theSiO2/Al2O3 ratio beyond the optimum and adversely affected thestrength of composite. The optimum silica fume content was3.75% for both strength and durability of the composites. Incorporationof silica fume also increased the resistance to magnesiumsulfate and sulfuric acid attack of the composite. This is due tothe increase in the C–S–H which resulted in the increased strengthand reduction of calcium as a result of C–S–H formation. HigherSiO2/Al2O3 ratio resulted in a low strength composite as a resultof excess silica gel and zeolite formation. Addition of silica fume resultedin thermal resistant product with low weight loss as calciumhydroxide was converted to calcium silicate compound which wasmore stable at high temperature up to 800 C.
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