Turner (2009) states that in order to speed up the delivery of new pro translation - Turner (2009) states that in order to speed up the delivery of new pro Indonesian how to say

Turner (2009) states that in order

Turner (2009) states that in order to speed up the delivery of new products, it is critical that new project management practices are introduced in the organization. These include the change of organizational culture and the use of new technology as well as the process that focuses on the quality of the project’s deliverables. In the proposed theoretical framework for this paper, it is suggested that culture, technology and process might influence project management practices in the organization which in turn affect the chance of project success (see Figure 4).

Culture is the most significant problem in international projects as stated by Turner (2009). The dimensions of cultural difference according to Turner (2009) include:
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Power distance
• Individualism
• Masculinity
• Role of time
• Consideration of detail

Turner (2009) suggests that appropriate project managers and project team members should be selected to accommodate cultural differences in international projects. Appropriate leadership styles, methods of working, appropriate languages and cross-border coaches should also applied in managing international project with different cultures (Turner 2009).

The proposed theoretical model for this paper suggests that the culture is important to most project environments and not just international projects. This is supported by Kendra and Taplin (2004), who state that the alignment of organizational cultural values with project management values enables the organization to successfully adopt project management as a new work method for improved project success.

A process in a project environment is known as a structured set of activities designed to accomplish a specific organization’s objective. A process has several defined inputs and turns them into defined outputs which are the deliverables of a project (OGC 2009). There are two versions of process (Turner 2009; PMI, 2008):
• Process derived from the work of Henri Fayol: plan, organize, implement and control.
• Process according to the PMBOK: initiate, plan, organize, execute, control and close.
The notion of process is similar to the phases in project lifecycle and the management of process has a significant impact on project success. Thus, process is one of the three key factors that affect the project environment and, in turn, project success in the proposed theoretical model.

Turner (2009) argues that good project management can be achieved by achieving a balance between the different areas of technology as well as between technology and culture (people, system and organization). In most projects, the project manager should be viewed as the person possessing an understanding of the technology rather than a command of the technology. Good project management practices emphasize a cooperative working relationship between the project manager and the technical experts from the line management (Kerzner 2009).




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Turner (2009) menyatakan bahwa untuk mempercepat pengiriman produk baru, sangat penting bahwa praktek-praktek manajemen proyek yang baru diperkenalkan dalam organisasi. Ini termasuk perubahan budaya organisasi dan penggunaan teknologi baru serta proses yang berfokus pada kualitas penyerahan proyek. Dalam kerangka teoritis yang diusulkan untuk kertas ini, disarankan bahwa budaya, teknologi dan proses mungkin mempengaruhi praktek manajemen proyek dalam organisasi yang pada gilirannya mempengaruhi kesempatan untuk keberhasilan proyek (Lihat gambar 4).Budaya adalah masalah paling penting dalam proyek-proyek internasional seperti yang dinyatakan oleh Turner (2009). Dimensi budaya perbedaan menurut Turner (2009) meliputi:• Ketidakpastian penghindaran• Power jarak• Individualisme• Maskulinitas• Peran waktu• Pertimbangan detailTurner (2009) menunjukkan bahwa manajer proyek yang sesuai dan anggota tim proyek harus dipilih untuk mengakomodasi perbedaan budaya di proyek internasional. Gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat, metode kerja, bahasa yang sesuai, dan lintas-perbatasan pelatih juga harus diterapkan dalam mengelola proyek internasional dengan budaya yang berbeda (Turner 2009).The proposed theoretical model for this paper suggests that the culture is important to most project environments and not just international projects. This is supported by Kendra and Taplin (2004), who state that the alignment of organizational cultural values with project management values enables the organization to successfully adopt project management as a new work method for improved project success.A process in a project environment is known as a structured set of activities designed to accomplish a specific organization’s objective. A process has several defined inputs and turns them into defined outputs which are the deliverables of a project (OGC 2009). There are two versions of process (Turner 2009; PMI, 2008):• Process derived from the work of Henri Fayol: plan, organize, implement and control.• Process according to the PMBOK: initiate, plan, organize, execute, control and close.The notion of process is similar to the phases in project lifecycle and the management of process has a significant impact on project success. Thus, process is one of the three key factors that affect the project environment and, in turn, project success in the proposed theoretical model.Turner (2009) argues that good project management can be achieved by achieving a balance between the different areas of technology as well as between technology and culture (people, system and organization). In most projects, the project manager should be viewed as the person possessing an understanding of the technology rather than a command of the technology. Good project management practices emphasize a cooperative working relationship between the project manager and the technical experts from the line management (Kerzner 2009).
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Turner (2009) menyatakan bahwa untuk mempercepat pengiriman produk baru, sangat penting bahwa praktek manajemen proyek baru diperkenalkan dalam organisasi. Ini termasuk perubahan budaya organisasi dan penggunaan teknologi baru serta proses yang berfokus pada kualitas deliverable proyek. Dalam kerangka teoritis yang diusulkan untuk kertas ini, disarankan agar budaya, teknologi dan proses mungkin mempengaruhi praktek manajemen proyek dalam organisasi yang pada gilirannya mempengaruhi kemungkinan keberhasilan proyek (lihat Gambar 4). Budaya adalah masalah yang paling signifikan di proyek-proyek internasional seperti yang dinyatakan oleh Turner (2009). Dimensi perbedaan budaya menurut Turner (2009) meliputi: • Ketidakpastian menghindari • Daya jarak • Individualisme • Maskulinitas • Peran waktu • Pertimbangan detail Turner (2009) menunjukkan bahwa manajer proyek yang tepat dan anggota tim proyek harus dipilih untuk mengakomodasi budaya perbedaan dalam proyek-proyek internasional. Gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat, metode kerja, bahasa yang tepat dan pelatih lintas-perbatasan juga harus diterapkan dalam mengelola proyek internasional dengan budaya yang berbeda (Turner 2009). Model teoritis yang diusulkan untuk makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa budaya adalah penting untuk lingkungan yang paling proyek dan bukan hanya proyek-proyek internasional. Hal ini didukung oleh Kendra dan Taplin (2004), yang menyatakan bahwa keselarasan nilai-nilai budaya organisasi dengan nilai-nilai manajemen proyek memungkinkan organisasi untuk berhasil mengadopsi manajemen proyek sebagai metode kerja baru untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan proyek. Sebuah proses dalam lingkungan proyek diketahui sebagai set terstruktur kegiatan yang dirancang untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi tertentu ini. Sebuah proses memiliki beberapa masukan pasti dan mengubahnya menjadi output didefinisikan yang merupakan kiriman dari proyek (OGC 2009). Ada dua versi dari proses (Turner 2009; PMI, 2008): . • Proses yang berasal dari karya Henri Fayol: merencanakan, mengatur, melaksanakan dan kontrol • Proses menurut PMBOK: memulai, merencanakan, mengatur, melaksanakan, mengendalikan dan dekat. gagasan proses ini mirip dengan fase dalam siklus hidup proyek dan manajemen proses memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap keberhasilan proyek. Dengan demikian, proses adalah salah satu dari tiga faktor utama yang mempengaruhi lingkungan proyek dan, pada gilirannya, keberhasilan proyek dalam model teoritis yang diusulkan. Turner (2009) berpendapat bahwa manajemen proyek yang baik dapat dicapai dengan mencapai keseimbangan antara daerah yang berbeda dari teknologi serta antara teknologi dan kebudayaan (orang, sistem dan organisasi). Dalam banyak proyek, manajer proyek harus dipandang sebagai orang yang memiliki pemahaman tentang teknologi daripada perintah teknologi. Praktek manajemen proyek yang baik menekankan hubungan kerja sama antara manajer proyek dan ahli teknis dari manajemen lini (Kerzner 2009).























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