В повести «Ваш покорный слуга кот»

В повести «Ваш покорный слуга кот» зло высмеивается современное писателю общество, в котором «человек даже у кошки способен отнять крысу». Законы его нелепы. Изобретательность людей дошла до того, что они нагородили всюду заборов, набили кольев, разделили земные просторы на земельные участки господ таких-то или таких-то. Это выглядит примерно так же, как если бы они протянули по голубому небу веревки и объявили: «Эта часть неба – моя, а вон та – его».

Шел второй год войны с Россией. Казенная пропаганда призывала к войне до победного конца. Даже кот готов сформировать сводную кошачью бригаду и отправиться на фронт царапать русских солдат. Нужна была большая гражданская смелость, чтобы в самый разгар военных событий сделать ура-патриотизм предметом злой пародии. Согласно казенной пропаганде, в японском воине жил особый дух Ямато*. И вот оказывается, что доблестный дух Ямато – фикция, нелепая выдумка, пустышка, меньше чем ничто: «Адмирал Того обладает духом Ямато. И аферист, и шулер, и убийца обладают духом Ямато...» «Дух Ямато треугольный? Дух Ямато квадратный?..» «Все о нем говорят, но никто его не видел. Все о нем слышали, но никто не встречал. Возможно, дух Ямато одной породы с тэнгу»**.

* Ямато – древнее название Японии.

** Тэнгу – сказочное крылатое существо с длинным носом, по поверьям обитающее в лесу на деревьях.

В разгар войны, когда газеты трубили о «духе Ямато», а поэты и писатели воспевали его, в глазах многих такие дерзости по его адресу граничили с кощунством.

Нацумэ Сосэки прокалывает как воздушные шарики одну ложную истину за другой, и от них остаются только пустые сморщенные оболочки.

Особую ярость писателя вызывает система сыска и шпионажа. Давно кончилась эпоха реформ, Япония все более превращалась в полицейское государство, уподобляясь Гераклову быку, которого тащат за хвост назад. Со стороны кажется, что его следы ведут вперед, на самом же деле он пятится назад.

Сосэки обрушивает град насмешек и на интеллигентов, зараженных низкопоклонством перед Западом. Такие люди перенимали только внешние приметы европейцев, потому что, сознательно или нет, заискивали перед сильными, а до подлинной культуры им и дела не было. Кажется, они согласились бы гулять голыми в парке Уэно, если б только так делали европейцы!

Сосэки стремится очистить сознание интеллигенции от всего, что его отравляет. Для этого он атакует по всему фронту лженауку и лжефилософию. В сущности, он подвергает беспощадной критике всю новую цивилизацию буржуазной Японии. Свою критику современной японской культуры Нацумэ Сосэки изложил впоследствии в статьях и заметках «Мой индивидуализм», «Современная японская цивилизация» и других. Главную силу своих ударов он направляет против модной доктрины индивидуализма и против ницшеанства с его учением о «сверхчеловеке». Индивидуализм, по мнению Сосэки, ведет к крайнему эгоизму, к забвению своего долга перед другими людьми, означает в конечном счете духовную смерть. В обществе, построенном на началах крайнего индивидуализма, искусство гибнет, потому что нет общности вкусов, которая создается только коллективно. Художнику ничего не остается, как творить для самого себя, а это бессмысленно. В конце романа кот рисует страшную картину гибели человечества, которое не может существовать, превратившись в сборище одиночек. В отчаянье кот предпочитает утонуть в чане с водой. Нацумэ Сосэки считает, и не без основания, самой опасной болезнью века именно индивидуализм, но противоядия он не находит, потому что не понимает, как может возродиться чувство общности между людьми. Ядовитые насмешки вызывает у него ницшеанство. «Сверхчеловек», который стоит над толпой, оказывается всего-навсего олицетворением философии тесноты. «Ницше прозябал в девятнадцатом веке, когда нельзя было без оглядки на других перевернуться с боку на бок. Он нес всю эту чушь от отчаяния. Когда я его читаю, я испытываю не восхищение, а жалость. Его голос – это не голос безумного смельчака и идейного борца, а вой обиженного, который испытывает боль и поэтому все на свете проклинает».

Крайний индивидуализм ведет к мертвящему эгоизму, нравственной опустошенности и в конечном счете к распаду личности и полной духовной гибели. Человеку, который заболел этой болезнью, по мнению писателя, остается только покончить с собой. Трагическая тема нравственной гибели в условиях буржуазного общества высоко одаренного человека, наделенного острой восприимчивостью и чуткой совестью, становится главной темой последующих психологических романов Нацумэ Сосэки (см. переведенный на русский язык роман «Сердце»*).

Results (English) 1:

In the story "yours truly" evil cat derided modern writer to a society in which man even a cat can be a rat ". His laws are ridiculous. The ingenuity of the people came to what they wrote around fences, Nabil stakes, split the expanses of land Lords such or such. It looks as if they have extended to blue sky clothesline and declared: "this part of the sky is mine, and won the" it ".Was the second year of the war with Russia. State propaganda calling for the war to the bitter end. Even the cat is ready to form a consolidated cat Brigade and head to the front of the scratching of Russian soldiers. Needed a large civil courage to at the height of the war make the URA-patriotism of the wicked parodies. According to Government propaganda, the Japanese warrior lived the special spirit of Yamato *. And now it turns out that valiant spirit of Yamato-fiction, weird fiction, dummy, less than nothing, "Admiral Togo possesses a spirit of Yamato. And conman, and Schuler, and killer have spirit of Yamato... " "The spirit of Yamato triangular? The spirit of Yamato square?.. " "All talking about him, but nobody has seen. Have heard all about it, but no one met. May the spirit of Yamato one breed with the Tengu "* *.* Yamato is an ancient name of Japan.* The Tengu-magical winged creature with a long nose, according to legends living in the forest for the trees.At the height of the war, when the newspaper trumpeted on "spirit of Yamato, and poets and writers have praised him, in the eyes of many such Audacity address to its bordering on blasphemy.Natsume Soseki Pierce as balloons one false truth, and they remain the only empty wrinkled shells.A special rage writer calls the system inquiries and espionage. Long ago ended the era of reform, Japan increasingly turned into a police state, being Geraklovu Bull, which are pulling the tail back. It seems that his footprints lead forward, in fact he backs away back.Soseki brings down hail of ridicule and the intellectuals, infected nizkopoklonstvom to the West. These people adopted the only external signs of Europeans because, consciously or not, fawned before strong and genuine culture and business was not. It seems they would be willing to walk naked in Ueno Park, if only so do Europeans!Soseki is trying to clear the minds of intellectuals from all that his poisons. To do this, he will attack along the entire front crank pseudo-science and lžefilosofiû. In essence, he exposes the ruthless criticism of bourgeois civilization new Japan. His criticism of modern Japanese culture of Natsume Soseki described subsequently in articles and notes "my individualism", "contemporary Japanese civilization" and others. The main force of their blows it sends against the fashionable doctrine of individualism and against the teachings of Nietzschean "Superman". Individualism, in the view of Soseki, leads to extreme selfishness, neglect their duty in front of other people, ultimately means spiritual death. In a society built on the basis of extreme individualism, the art of dying, because there is no shared tastes, which creates only collectively. The artist cannot do for itself, and it's pointless. At the end of the novel the cat draws a gruesome picture of humanity that cannot be turned into a single. In desperation the cat prefers to drown in a VAT of water. Natsume Soseki believes, and not without reason, the most dangerous disease of the century individualism, but it does not find the antidote because it did not understand how it can revive the sense of community among people. Venomous jibes he nietzscheanism purely cultivated. "Superman", which stands above the crowd, is simply the embodiment of the philosophy of narrowness. "Nietzsche's prozâbal in the nineteenth century, when it was without regard to other roll from side to side. He carried all this crap out of desperation. When I'm reading, I'm not the admiration and pity. His voice is not the voice of the mad grimlock and ideological Warrior, and the howling of the offended, which is experiencing pain and therefore everything curses. "Extreme individualism leads to selfishness, mertvâŝemu moral emptiness and ultimately to the disintegration of the personality and full of spiritual death. The man who contracted the disease, according to the writer, only to commit suicide. The tragic theme of moral death in bourgeois society are highly gifted person with acute susceptibility and sensitivity of conscience, becomes the main theme of the subsequent psychological novels of Natsume Soseki (see translated into Russian language novel "heart" *).

Results (English) 3:

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.Extreme individualism and moral C, C, C are from the society has increased, leading to me, energy-saving and m e e mm and egoistic, and eventually degenerate personality and full of spiritual death. The disease of people to become ill, according to writer,Only the Dutch act. One highly gifted tragic theme of death of the bourgeois society's moral condition, with acute and increased P are slow to me to me long increased, die elixir and conscience,A subsequent psychological theme of the novel Natsume Soseki (cm. In the Russian translation of the novel "the heart *).