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A voice leading between two multisets {x1, x2, ..., xm} and {y1, y2, ..., yn} is amultiset of ordered pairs (xi, yj), such that every member of each multiset is in some pair. Atrivial voice leading contains only pairs of the form (x, x). The notation (x1, x2, ..., xn)(y1, y2, ..., yn) identifies the voice leading that associates the corresponding items in eachlist. Thus, the voice leading (C, C, E, G)(B, D, F, G) associates C with B, C with D, Ewith F, and G with G. Music theorists have proposed numerous ways of measuring voiceleadingsize. Rather than adopting one, I will require only that a measure satisfy a fewconstraints reflecting widely acknowledged features of Western music (16). Theseconstraints make it possible to identify, in polynomial time, a minimal voice leading (notnecessarily bijective) between arbitrary chords (16). Every music-theoretical measure ofvoice-leading size satisfies these constraints.
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