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Phát triển gần đây: Thêm học, học tập nhỏCompared with two decades ago, more young people are entering school, completing the primary level, and pursuing secondary education. Thanks to a combination of effective policies and sustained national investments in education, far fewer children in developing countries are out of school. Governments, civil society organizations (CSOs), communities, and private enterprises have built new schools and classrooms and recruited teachers at unprecedented levels. Even in low-income countries, average enrollment rates in primary education have surged upwards of 80 percent, and primary completion rates, above 60 percent (see figure 2). Moreover, because more schools are available in rural areas in these countries, the poorest children—as well as girls who were kept out of school because there were no schools close to home (see figure 3)—have also benefited. Between 1991 and 2008, the ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education in the developing world improved from 84 to 96 percent, with even larger gains in the Middle East and North Africa region and the South Asia region. However, low-income countries as a group are still far from reaching the education Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): universal primary education as measured by enrollment and primary completion rates, and gender equality in primary and secondary education. Three-fourths of the countries that are the furthest from meeting the MDG on primary completion rates are in Sub-Saharan Africa; the corresponding percentage for gender equality is 45 percent.4 In these countries, it may take targeted efforts on top of broad reforms to address the specific reasons why children and youth are out of school.
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