In the first eighteen months of arm

In the first eighteen months of armed conflict with the British (the conflict would not become a "war for independence" until July 4, 1776), Washington had begun to create an army and forced the British army in Boston to evacuate that city in March 1776. The major question after their evacuation was what they would do next. Washington was almost certain that the British would attack New York, since that position was of critical importance for their operations both North and South. Besides, that is what he would have done had he been in Sir William Howe's shoes.
Even though his premonition eventually proved true, British intentions did not become clear until their fleet descended upon New York in August 1776. For a variety of reasons, Washington and his generals made a number of mistakes during the engagements in the New York area. These mistakes and Britain's far superior naval power led to decided British victories on Long Island and on Manhattan. Had the British commanders been a bit more aggressive, their naval power might have put the Continental Army at great risk of total defeat.
After Washington was driven from Manhattan, his army fought Howe's forces to a standstill at White Plains. Even so, the British were now in control of New York City. Again, the question became, what would the British do next? Washington thought the logical next step for them to do was to move on Philadelphia, so he moved most of his army south into New Jersey. Indeed, British forces under General Charles Lord Cornwallis chased and harrassed the Continentals all the way through New Jersey. When Washington's army reached Trenton Falls, their fortunes seemed at low ebb. Surprisingly, at that point Howe ordered his army into winter quarters rather than attacking the Americans. Seizing the opportunity Howe presented him, Washington counterattacked at Trenton in late December 1776 and then at Princeton in early 1777.

What Washington had done in nine days was truly staggering. Just when many Americans thought all was lost, Washington had produced two major victories over one of the world's most powerful armies. Trenton and Princeton tended to put to rest the second-guessing about Washington's leadership, a belief that had grown as the Continental Army suffered defeats in New York and then retreated through New Jersey. These victories had also been watched closely by many European leaders; they now came to view Washington as an adroit and able commander.
On the other hand, the British were not impressed with Washington's accomplishments. All in all, Lord North thought 1776 had been a very good year for the British. They had retained Canada and captured New York City, their losses of soldiers had not been great, and nearly 40,000 loyalists had received pardons from Howe. British leaders would also have been heartened had they fully known what Washington knew about the chronic problems experienced by the Continental Army. Washington was continually concerned with problems of the militia, recruits, and deserters and he constantly reminded Congress of the need for a standing professional army and a better system of supply.
For additional documents related to these topics, search American Memory using such key words as Boston, Long Island, Manhattan, White Plains, New Jersey, Trenton, Princeton, and General Howe. Search Washington's Papers by date (of specific battles, for example), and use the terms found in the documents to the right of the page.

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在前十八个月的武装冲突与英国（冲突将不会成为一个“独立战争”，直到1776年7月4日），华盛顿已经开始创造一支军队，并迫使英国军队在波士顿撤离，在3月1776日。他们的撤离后的主要问题是他们会做什么。华盛顿几乎可以肯定的是，英国人会攻击纽约，由于这一立场是至关重要的，他们的业务，南北。除此之外，那就是他会做他在威廉先生的鞋。
即使他的预感最终被证明是正确的，英国的意图，直到他们的舰队突袭1776八月纽约变得清晰。因各种原因，华盛顿和他的将军在纽约地区的交战中犯了许多错误。这些错误和英国的海军力量导致了在长的岛上和曼哈顿取得了胜利。在英国的指挥官有点更为激进的，他们的海军力量可能会使大陆军队在巨大的风险，总的失败。在华盛顿被赶出了曼哈顿，他的军队战斗的力量在怀特普莱恩斯停顿。即便如此，英国人现在已控制了纽约城。问题再次成为，英国人下一步会做什么？华盛顿认为他们做的逻辑的下一步是在费城移动，所以他将大部分军队搬到了新泽西。确实英国军队在查尔斯将军康华里勋爵的追逐和骚扰大陆国家所有的方式通过新泽西。当华盛顿的军队到达特伦顿时，他们的命运似乎处于低潮。令人惊讶的是，在这一点上豪命令他的军队为过冬而不是攻击美国人。抓住机遇豪送给他，华盛顿的反击，在特伦顿十二月下旬1776然后在普林斯顿在1777年初。

什么华盛顿曾在九天内完成真是惊人。正当许多美国人认为所有的损失，华盛顿已经取得了世界上最强大的军队的一个重大的胜利。特伦顿和普林斯顿都倾向于在猜测华盛顿领导层的其他方面进行猜测，一种认为，随着大陆军队在纽约遭受了失败，然后在新泽西撤退。这些胜利也被许多欧洲领导人的密切关注；他们现在来看华盛顿作为一个熟练的和有能力的指挥官。
另一方面，英国并不是华盛顿的成就留下深刻的印象。总而言之北方1776岁的北方人认为这是一个非常好的一年。他们保留了加拿大，攻占了纽约城，他们的损失的士兵没有伟大的，和近40000的支持者已经从豪接受赦免。英国领导人也一直在鼓舞他们完全知道华盛顿知道大陆军队经历了长期存在的问题。华盛顿不断关心民兵，问题的新兵，和逃兵，他不断提醒，一个常设的专业军队的需要和更好的系统供应大会。
为这些主题相关的附加文件，搜索内存使用美国波士顿，狭长的岛，曼哈顿，新泽西，特伦顿，白色的平原，普林斯顿，这样的关键词，豪将军。在搜索华盛顿的论文（具体的战斗，例如），并使用在文件中找到的网页的权利。