Reactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)arecontin

Reactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)arecontinuouslyformedasa by-productofmetabolismsinaerobicorganismsandarealso produced on exposure to tobacco smoke, ozone, radiations, organic solvents, and other environmental pollutants [1]. ROS play an important role in various physiological pro- cesses, including energy production, phagocytosis, cellular signal transduction, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.Ontheotherhand,increasingevidencehighlights that overproduction of ROS can induce oxidative damage toallbiomolecules(lipids,carbohydrates,proteins,enzymes, DNA, and RNA) and acts as a mediator of numerous disorders, for example, inflammation, arthritis, diabetes, arteriosclerosis,cancer,genotoxicity,andneurologicaldisor- ders such as Alzheimer’s disease [2]. Antioxidants are very essential for averting degenerative reactions produced by free radicals and reactive oxygen species, which have been concernedwithmanydiseasesandinfooddeteriorationand spoilage [3]. However, the safety of some of the synthetic antioxidantsusedinthefoodindustryhasbeenquestioned,
because recent studies recognized that they might be car- cinogenic[4].Hence,thereisanemerginginterestinnatural antioxidants,whichmighthelptopreventoxidativedamage [5]. Plants and plant products are magnificent sources of phytochemicals and have been found to hold an array of biological activities including antioxidant potential [6]. Plantssynthesizeantioxidantcompounds,mostlyflavonoids and polyphenols, which have been reported to protect the human body from various diseases by neutralizing ROS. Recently, phenoliccompoundshavereceivedincreasingsig- nificance among various phytochemicals, due to their wide distribution in the plant kingdom and for their biological activities, namely, anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, anti- inflammatory,antimicrobial,andantioxidantactivities[7–9]. Antioxidantscanbeeitherusedasdietary,foodsupplement orasadrugbythehumans[10].Severalstudieshaverevealed thattheincreaseddietaryintakeofnaturalantioxidants,such asflavonoidsandotherphenoliccompounds,almostpresent in plants, exhibits potential protective effects against many degenerativediseases[11–13].

Results (Indonesian) 1:

Reactiveoxygenspecies (ROS) arecontinuouslyformedasa oleh-productofmetabolismsinaerobicorganismsandarealso diproduksi di terpapar asap tembakau, ozon, radiasi, pelarut organik, dan polusi lingkungan lainnya [1]. ROS memainkan peran penting dalam berbagai fisiologis pro mulai, termasuk produksi energi, fagositosis, transduksi sinyal selular, proliferasi sel, diferensiasi dan apoptosis. Ontheotherhand, increasingevidencehighlights yang berlebihan dari ROS dapat menginduksi kerusakan oksidatif toallbiomolecules (lipid, karbohidrat, protein, enzim, DNA dan RNA) dan bertindak sebagai mediator berbagai gangguan, untuk contoh, peradangan, arthritis, diabetes, arteriosklerosis, kanker, genotoxicity, andneurologicaldisor-ders seperti Alzheimer's disease [2]. Antioksidan sangat penting untuk menghindari reaksi degeneratif yang diproduksi oleh radikal bebas dan spesies oksigen reaktif, yang telah concernedwithmanydiseasesandinfooddeteriorationand pembusukan [3]. Namun, keselamatan dari beberapa antioxidantsusedinthefoodindustryhasbeenquestioned sintetis,karena studi terbaru diakui bahwa mereka mungkin mobil-cinogenic [4]. Oleh karena itu, thereisanemerginginterestinnatural antioksidan, whichmighthelptopreventoxidativedamage [5]. Tanaman dan produk tanaman megah sumber fitokimia dan telah ditemukan untuk mengadakan serangkaian kegiatan biologis yang termasuk potensi antioksidan [6]. Plantssynthesizeantioxidantcompounds, mostlyflavonoids dan polifenol, yang telah dilaporkan untuk melindungi tubuh manusia dari berbagai penyakit dengan menetralisir ROS. Baru-baru ini, phenoliccompoundshavereceivedincreasingsig-nificance di antara berbagai Fitokimia, karena mereka distribusi yang luas di kerajaan tanaman dan untuk kegiatan biologis mereka, yaitu, anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, anti - inflamasi, antimikroba, andantioxidantactivities [7-9]. Antioxidantscanbeeitherusedasdietary, foodsupplement orasadrugbythehumans [10]. Severalstudieshaverevealed thattheincreaseddietaryintakeofnaturalantioxidants, seperti asflavonoidsandotherphenoliccompounds, almostpresent pada tanaman, pameran potensi efek protektif terhadap banyak degenerativediseases [11-13].