ПАБЛИК СКУЛЗ (Public schools), част

ПАБЛИК СКУЛЗ (Public schools), частные привилегиров. ср. школы в Великобритании, сохраняющие аристократич. традиции. Назв. «паблик скулз» («обществ, школы») в 19 в. распространилось на группу т. н. классических грамматических школ с интернатами для мальчиков, поступавших в них из разл. графств. Условием поступления в П. с. стала высокая плата за обучение. Исключение делалось и делается в наст, время для одарённых детей из бедных слоев населения. Определяющее значение для становления П. с. имела деятельность Т. Ар-нолда (2-я четв. 19 в.). Введённая им в школе Регби система нравств. воспитания, уделявшая осн. внимание формированию качеств лидеров, была принята в других П. с. и сохранилась в совр. школах этого типа. Одновременно с делением на уч. классы по возрастам П. с. были разделены на «дома» (пансионаты), объединяющие школьников разных возрастов, где воспитат. функции выполняет не только учитель, но и гл. обр. сами ученики. Развилось ученич. самоуправление — общешк. префекты (старосты), избираемые из числа учеников, наделялись властью и правом решать большинство вопросов шк. жизни во всех её сферах. Значит, место отводилось религии и спорту как воспитат. средствам. Осн. задачей П. с. стала подготовка учащихся к продолжению образования в элитарных Оксфордском и Кембриджском ун-тах и воспитание подавляющего большинства будущих гос. деятелей, полит., военных и дипломатич. лидеров и высш. духовенства. Положение П. с. было закреплено законодательно в 1868. Кроме расширения классич. программ за счёт математики, естеств.-науч. дисциплин, новых языков и др. общеобразо-ват. предметов акт 1868 предусматривал создание пост, конференции директоров П. с., что способствовало их окончат, обособлению от грамматич. школ. Со 2-й пол. 19 в. число П. с. стало расти: в 1902 их насчитывалось 64; к 1937 — 130, где обучалось примерно 50 тыс. мальчиков. Помимо мужских существовали женские П. с., в к-рых также обучалось 5—6% мальчиков. В 30—40-х гг. не менее половины студентов ведущих англ, ун-тов были выпускниками П. с. В послевоенный период обсуждения шк. реформы радикальные круги предлагали ликвидировать П. с., но результатом дискуссий явилось только требование предоставлять в них 25% бесплатных мест учащимся гос. школ (Акт об образовании, 1944).
Классовая исключительность, высокая плата за обучение, приверженность традициям в изв. мере остаются отличит, чертами П. с. Однако в совр. условиях важное место имеет ориентировка выпускников на работу в пром-сти однако они, как и прежде, продолжают оставаться своеобразными пед. и дидактич. эталонами для подражания как в своей стране, так и за рубежом. Наиб, известностью пользуются 9 ари-стократич. («великих») П. с.: Винчестер (осн. в 1378), Итон (1441), Шрусбери (1551), Вестминстер (1566), Регби (1567), Харроу (1571), Школа Св. Павла (16 в.), Школа об-ва портных (16 в.), Чартерхаус (1609).
Лит.: МарцинковскийИ. Б., Англ. паблик скулз, Таш., 1966; Snow G. The public schools in the new age, L., 1959; G a thorne-Hardy J., The public school phe-nomenon, L., 1977; Harmondsworth, 1979; R a e J., The public school revolution. Britain's inde-pendent schools 1964—1979, L. — Boston, 1981; McConnel J., English public schools, Norton, 1985. И. Б. Марцинковский.

Results (English) 1:

PUBLIC SCHOOLS (Public schools), private, privileged. Wed. schools in the uk, maintaining aristokratič. tradition. Titles. "public schools" (societies, schools) in 19 b. spread to a group of t. n. classical grammar school with boarding schools for boys, coming from o. counties. Entry condition in p. became the high tuition fees. An exception has been done and is being done in the present time for gifted children of the poor. Crucial for the emergence of p. t. activities of AR-nolda (2-I Thu. 19). They entered the school Rugby system nravstv. education, udelâvšaâ. attention to building qualities of leaders, was adopted in other p. and preserved in now. schools of this type. Simultaneously with the Division at UCH. classes by age, p. s. were divided into "houses" (boarding houses), uniting the schoolchildren of different ages, where educational. the function performs not only the teacher but also the chapter. arr. the disciples themselves. School has developed. Self-Government is a obŝešk. prefects (headman), elected from among the students, endowed with the authority and right to decide most of the NIS. life in all its spheres. Hence, the role of religion and sport as educational. Tools. AHF. p. s. task was the preparation of students to continue their education in the elite Oxford and Cambridge University Max and the education of the vast majority of future State. leaders, poured, military and diplomatič. leaders and top. clergy. The situation of p. s. 1868 legislation was introduced. In addition to extending the classic. programs at the expense of mathematics, cursor shifts.-researcher. disciplines, new languages, etc. comprehensive-Wat. objects of Act of 1868 established a post Conference of Directors of p. c., which contributed to their complete isolation from, grammatič. schools. With 2-nd floor. 19 b. number of p. c. began to grow: in 1902 there were 64; by 1937-130, where accommodated approximately 50 thousand. boys. In addition to the male existed for women p., where there were also 5-6% of boys. In 30-40 years. at least half of the students leading Eng, CR-ISTS were graduates of p. s. in the post-war period the miyaki discussion. radical reform circles offered to eliminate p. c., but the result of the debate was the only requirement to provide them 25% free places for students. schools (Education Act, 1944).Class exclusivity, high tuition fees, adherence to traditions at WPI. as will remain, features p. However, Trad. conditions, an important place is orientation of the graduates to work in prom-but they, as before, continue to be a kind of ped. and didaktich. standards to follow, both at home and abroad. Naib, renown enjoying ARI stokratič-9. ("great") p. s.: Winchester (founded in 1378), Eaton (1441), Shrewsbury (1551), Westminster (1566), Rugby (1567), Harrow (1571), the school of St. Paul (16), School of-WA tailors (16 c.), Charterhouse (1609).Lit.: MarcinkovskijI. B., Engl. public schools, Tash, 1966; Snow (G). The public schools in the new age, l., 1959; (G) a thorne-Hardy, j., The public school phe-nomenon, l., 1977; Harmondsworth, 1979; E a e (J), The public school revolution. Britain's inde-pendent schools 1964-1979, l. — Boston, 1981; J. McConnel, English public schools, Norton, 1985. And B. Martsinkivsky.

Results (English) 2:

PUBLIC Scholes (Public schools), private privilegirov. Wed. Schools in Britain, preserving aristocratic. traditions. References. "Public Scholes" ("societies, schools") in the 19th century. spread on a group of t. n. classical grammar school with boarding school for boys coming at them from dec. counties. The condition for admission to the AP with. It was the high tuition fees. An exception was made ​​and done in the crust, while for gifted children of the poor. Of decisive importance for the formation of a PA. It was the work of T. Al-Nolde (2nd Thurs. 19 in.). The entered them in the school system Rugby moral. Education pays DOS. attention to the formation as a leader, has been adopted in other P. s. and preserved in modern. schools of this type. Along with the division into account. AP classes by age with. They were divided into the "house" (pensions), uniting students of different ages, where Upbringing. function performs not only a teacher but also ch. arr. the students themselves. It is uchenich. government - obscheshk. prefects (mayor), elected from among the disciples, endowed with the power and the right to decide most issues wk. life in all its spheres. So the place was given to religion and sport as Upbringing. Drugs. Basic. P. task with. was to prepare the students to continue their education in elite Oxford and Cambridge universities of education, and the vast majority of the future state. figures, polit., military and diplomatic. Leaders and higher. clergy. The situation with the AP. It was enshrined in law in 1868. In addition to expanding the classical. programs at the expense of mathematics estestv.-scientific. disciplines, new languages, and others. obscheobrazo Wat. Objects Act 1868 provided for the creation of the post, with the Conference of Directors of PA., which helped them graduate, isolation from grammatich. schools. From the 2nd floor. 19 in. with the number of AP. It began to grow: in 1902 there were 64; in 1937 - 130, which had an enrollment of about 50 thousand. boys. In addition there were male female P. s., In a well-ryh 5-6% of boys were enrolled. In the 30-40-ies. at least half of the students leading the English, un-ing were graduates from the AP. In the postwar period debate wk. Reform radical circles offered to eliminate P. c., but the result of the discussions was the only requirement to give them 25% of free places to students of state. schools (Education Act, 1944).
The class exclusivity, high tuition fees, adherence to traditions in Math. As still distinguish features of P. s. However, in the present-day. conditions is an important orientation of graduates to work in the prom-sti but they are, as before, remain peculiar ped. and didactic. the standards for others to follow in their own country and abroad. Naib, famous are the 9-ari stokratich. ("Great") with P. .: Winchester (est. In 1378), Eaton (1441), Shrewsbury (1551), Westminster (1566), Rugby (1567), Harrow (1571), School of St. Paul (16 .), the School of the Society of tailors (16 in.), Charterhouse (1609).
Lit .: MartsinkovskiyI. B. Eng. Public Scholes, Tash., 1966; Snow G. The public schools in the new age, L., 1959; G a thorne-Hardy J., The public school phe-nomenon, L., 1977; Harmondsworth, 1979; R ae J., The public school revolution. Britain's inde-pendent schools 1964-1979, L. - Boston, 1981; McConnel J., English public schools, Norton, 1985. IB Martsinkovsky.

Results (English) 3:

public скулз (public schools), private привилегиров. the sr. schools in britain, retain the аристократич. tradition. назв. the public скулз» ("societies, school) in 19. spread on a group of t. n.classical grammar schools with boarding facilities for boys, related to them разл. counties. condition of p. with the. a high tuition fees. the exception was done in nasttime for gifted children of the poor. central to the development of art. with the. had the activities of t. e - нолда (2nd четв. 19.). official in the school rugby нравств system. education, уделявшая dos.attention to the qualities of leaders, was adopted in the other p. with the. and remained in совр. schools of this type. at the same time with the division at uch. school age p. with the. were divided into "home" (bs)among the students of different ages, where воспитат. functions of not only a teacher, but the cap. ilb. they are students. developed ученич. government - общешк. prefects (mayor), elected from among the studentsinclude power and right to decide most of the issues шк. life in all its aspects. so, putting the religion and sport as воспитат. drugs. dos. the p. with the.стала preparation учащихся k продолжению formations in элитарных оксфордском and кембриджском un - tax and воспитание подавляющего большинства будущих goss. деятелей, полит., военных and дипломатич. лидеров and высш.the clergy. the situation of p. with the. it was established by law in 1868. in addition to increasing классич. programmes on mathematics, естеств. - scien. disciplines, new languages and others. общеобразо wat.of the act of 1868 was the post conference of directors of p. s. to graduate, the distinction of грамматич. schools. on the 2nd floor. 19. the number of p. with the. there was a rise in 1902 there were 64; 1937 - 130.where there were about 50%. the boys. in addition to the male have female p. s., the station also had 5 to 6 per cent of boys. in the 30 - 1940s. more than half of the students leading), un tov came from p. with the.in the post-war period, the discussion шк. the reform of radical circles called for the elimination of p. s., but the debate was only required to provide 25% of free seats for students.schools (education act, 1944).
the exclusiveness, high tuition fees, commitment to the tradition in 2004. least remain separates, the characteristics of p. with the. however, in совр.conditions of the place has a lead graduates to work in industrial, but, as before, continue to be the original ped. and дидактич. benchmarks models both at home and abroad.naib, publicity enjoy 9 ari - стократич. ("великих») p. c.: winchester (dos. in 1378), eaton (1441), shrewsbury (1551), westminster (1566), rugby (1567), harrow (1571), the school of st. paul (16 in.), the school of wah tailors (16 in.), charterhouse (1609).
lit.:марцинковскийи. b.). public скулз, таш., 1966; snow g. the public schools in the new age, l., 1959; g (a thorne - hardy, j., the public school phe - nomenon, l., 1977; Harmondsworth, 1979; r a e j., the public school program. britain's inde - pendent schools 1964 - 1979, l. - boston, 1981; McConnel j., english public schools, norton, 1985. and. b.марцинковский.