at 13,000×g at 4 ◦C for 15 min. The supernatants were thencollected in translation - at 13,000×g at 4 ◦C for 15 min. The supernatants were thencollected in Thai how to say

at 13,000×g at 4 ◦C for 15 min. The

at 13,000×g at 4 ◦C for 15 min. The supernatants were then
collected in a fresh tube for enzyme assays. The enzyme activities
were determined by the spectrophotometric method.
Catalase activity was assayed by measuring the initial rate
of disappearance of H2O2 [34]. Two milliliters catalase of
assay reaction mixture contained 50mM potassium phosphate
buffer (pH 7.0), 15mM H2O2 and 20 l enzyme extract.
The decrease in H2O2 followed the decline in optical
density at 240 nm, and activity was calculated with the extinction
coefficient (40mM−1 cm−1 at 240 nm) for H2O2.
GR activity was measured by oxidized GSH-dependent
oxidation of NADPH. The reaction mixture contained
25mM Tris–MgCl2 (pH 7.6), 5mMNADPH, 50mM GSSG
and 1ml enzyme extract [35,36]. The change in absorption
at 340 nm (E = 6.2mM−1 cm−1) was recorded over 2.5 min.
The assay for APX activity was carried out in a reaction
mixture containing 166mM HEPES (pH 7), 1.5mM
Na Ascorbate, 1mM H2O2 and 40l enzyme extract. The
change in absorption at 290 nm was recorded 80 s after addition
of H2O2 [37].
SOD activity was determined using the ‘SOD Assay
Kit—WST’ (Dojindo Moleclar Technology, Inc., Galthersburg,
MD). The principle of the SOD Assay kit utilizes the
WST working solution 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-
5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-tetrazolium, which produces a watersoluble
formazan dye upon reduction with a superoxide
anion (O2
−). The rate of the reduction with O2
− is linearly
related to the xanthine oxidase activity and is inhibited by
SOD. Therefore, the 50% inhibition activity of SOD can be
measured at 450 nm of absorbance. The specific activity of
the SOD (inhibition rate) was calculated using the equation
described in the protocol of the kit.
The contents of total ASA and total glutathione were determined
by dissolving 0.1 g homogenates in 1ml of 5% mphosphporic
acid solution. The extract was then centrifuged
at 13,000 × g for 10 min at 4 ◦C. The supernatant was used
for total ASA and total glutathione assay. Both total ASA
and the reduced ASA contents were determined spectrophotometrically
at 525 nm using different reacting solutions; the
former was a potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), dithiothreitol
and N-ethlmaleimide, the latter was trichloroacetic
acid, o-phosphoric acid, -dipyridyl in 70% alcohol and
FeCl3 [38]. Total ASA and the reduced ASA contents were
calculated from a standard curve plotted from a known concentration
of ASA. In addition to total ASA and reduced
ASA contents, we also calculated the ratio of oxidized ASA
to reduced ASA as an indication of the redox state of ascorbate
in the roots. The content of oxidized ASA (Vitamin
C) was calculated by subtracting the reduced ASA content
from the total ASA content.
Total glutathione content (GSH + GSSG) was quantified
spectrophotometrically at 412 nm using a reagent
solution containing NADPH, Na2HPO4, EDTA, BSA, imidazole,
yeast-glutathione reductase and 5,5-dithiobis-2-
nitrobenzoic acid [39]. Meanwhile, GSH was determined
without reduction in the presence of 2-vinylpyridine in the
0/5000
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Results (Thai) 1: [Copy]
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at 13,000×g at 4 ◦C for 15 min. The supernatants were then
collected in a fresh tube for enzyme assays. The enzyme activities
were determined by the spectrophotometric method.
Catalase activity was assayed by measuring the initial rate
of disappearance of H2O2 [34]. Two milliliters catalase of
assay reaction mixture contained 50mM potassium phosphate
buffer (pH 7.0), 15mM H2O2 and 20 l enzyme extract.
The decrease in H2O2 followed the decline in optical
density at 240 nm, and activity was calculated with the extinction
coefficient (40mM−1 cm−1 at 240 nm) for H2O2.
GR activity was measured by oxidized GSH-dependent
oxidation of NADPH. The reaction mixture contained
25mM Tris–MgCl2 (pH 7.6), 5mMNADPH, 50mM GSSG
and 1ml enzyme extract [35,36]. The change in absorption
at 340 nm (E = 6.2mM−1 cm−1) was recorded over 2.5 min.
The assay for APX activity was carried out in a reaction
mixture containing 166mM HEPES (pH 7), 1.5mM
Na Ascorbate, 1mM H2O2 and 40l enzyme extract. The
change in absorption at 290 nm was recorded 80 s after addition
of H2O2 [37].
SOD activity was determined using the ‘SOD Assay
Kit—WST’ (Dojindo Moleclar Technology, Inc., Galthersburg,
MD). The principle of the SOD Assay kit utilizes the
WST working solution 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-
5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-tetrazolium, which produces a watersoluble
formazan dye upon reduction with a superoxide
anion (O2
−). The rate of the reduction with O2
− is linearly
related to the xanthine oxidase activity and is inhibited by
SOD. Therefore, the 50% inhibition activity of SOD can be
measured at 450 nm of absorbance. The specific activity of
the SOD (inhibition rate) was calculated using the equation
described in the protocol of the kit.
The contents of total ASA and total glutathione were determined
by dissolving 0.1 g homogenates in 1ml of 5% mphosphporic
acid solution. The extract was then centrifuged
at 13,000 × g for 10 min at 4 ◦C. The supernatant was used
for total ASA and total glutathione assay. Both total ASA
and the reduced ASA contents were determined spectrophotometrically
at 525 nm using different reacting solutions; the
former was a potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), dithiothreitol
and N-ethlmaleimide, the latter was trichloroacetic
acid, o-phosphoric acid, -dipyridyl in 70% alcohol and
FeCl3 [38]. Total ASA and the reduced ASA contents were
calculated from a standard curve plotted from a known concentration
of ASA. In addition to total ASA and reduced
ASA contents, we also calculated the ratio of oxidized ASA
to reduced ASA as an indication of the redox state of ascorbate
in the roots. The content of oxidized ASA (Vitamin
C) was calculated by subtracting the reduced ASA content
from the total ASA content.
Total glutathione content (GSH + GSSG) was quantified
spectrophotometrically at 412 nm using a reagent
solution containing NADPH, Na2HPO4, EDTA, BSA, imidazole,
yeast-glutathione reductase and 5,5-dithiobis-2-
nitrobenzoic acid [39]. Meanwhile, GSH was determined
without reduction in the presence of 2-vinylpyridine in the
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Results (Thai) 2:[Copy]
Copied!
at 13,000×g at 4 ◦C for 15 min. The supernatants were then
collected in a fresh tube for enzyme assays. The enzyme activities
were determined by the spectrophotometric method.
Catalase activity was assayed by measuring the initial rate
of disappearance of H2O2 [34]. Two milliliters catalase of
assay reaction mixture contained 50mM potassium phosphate
buffer (pH 7.0), 15mM H2O2 and 20 l enzyme extract.
The decrease in H2O2 followed the decline in optical
density at 240 nm, and activity was calculated with the extinction
coefficient (40mM−1 cm−1 at 240 nm) for H2O2.
GR activity was measured by oxidized GSH-dependent
oxidation of NADPH. The reaction mixture contained
25mM Tris–MgCl2 (pH 7.6), 5mMNADPH, 50mM GSSG
and 1ml enzyme extract [35,36]. The change in absorption
at 340 nm (E = 6.2mM−1 cm−1) was recorded over 2.5 min.
The assay for APX activity was carried out in a reaction
mixture containing 166mM HEPES (pH 7), 1.5mM
Na Ascorbate, 1mM H2O2 and 40l enzyme extract. The
change in absorption at 290 nm was recorded 80 s after addition
of H2O2 [37].
SOD activity was determined using the ‘SOD Assay
Kit—WST’ (Dojindo Moleclar Technology, Inc., Galthersburg,
MD). The principle of the SOD Assay kit utilizes the
WST working solution 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-
5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-tetrazolium, which produces a watersoluble
formazan dye upon reduction with a superoxide
anion (O2
−). The rate of the reduction with O2
− is linearly
related to the xanthine oxidase activity and is inhibited by
SOD. Therefore, the 50% inhibition activity of SOD can be
measured at 450 nm of absorbance. The specific activity of
the SOD (inhibition rate) was calculated using the equation
described in the protocol of the kit.
The contents of total ASA and total glutathione were determined
by dissolving 0.1 g homogenates in 1ml of 5% mphosphporic
acid solution. The extract was then centrifuged
at 13,000 × g for 10 min at 4 ◦C. The supernatant was used
for total ASA and total glutathione assay. Both total ASA
and the reduced ASA contents were determined spectrophotometrically
at 525 nm using different reacting solutions; the
former was a potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), dithiothreitol
and N-ethlmaleimide, the latter was trichloroacetic
acid, o-phosphoric acid, -dipyridyl in 70% alcohol and
FeCl3 [38]. Total ASA and the reduced ASA contents were
calculated from a standard curve plotted from a known concentration
of ASA. In addition to total ASA and reduced
ASA contents, we also calculated the ratio of oxidized ASA
to reduced ASA as an indication of the redox state of ascorbate
in the roots. The content of oxidized ASA (Vitamin
C) was calculated by subtracting the reduced ASA content
from the total ASA content.
Total glutathione content (GSH + GSSG) was quantified
spectrophotometrically at 412 nm using a reagent
solution containing NADPH, Na2HPO4, EDTA, BSA, imidazole,
yeast-glutathione reductase and 5,5-dithiobis-2-
nitrobenzoic acid [39]. Meanwhile, GSH was determined
without reduction in the presence of 2-vinylpyridine in the
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Results (Thai) 3:[Copy]
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ที่ 13000 × g 4 ◦ C เป็นเวลา 15 นาที แล้ว supernatants
เก็บในหลอดใหม่สำหรับตรวจเอนไซม์ . กิจกรรมเอนไซม์
ถูกหาโดยวิธี i .
นักศึกษาถูก assayed โดยวัดอัตราเริ่มต้นของการหายตัวไปของ H2O2
[ 34 ] คะตะเลส 2 มิลลิลิตร ผสม โดยมีปฏิกิริยา

50mm โพแทสเซียมฟอสเฟตบัฟเฟอร์ pH 7.0 )และฉัน 20  15mm H2O2 เอนไซม์สกัด
ลดลงตามการลดลงของ H2O2 ซิกแซ็ก
ที่ 240 nm และกิจกรรมถูกคำนวณด้วยค่าสัมประสิทธิ์การสูญพันธุ์
( 40mm − 1 cm − 1 ที่ 240 nm ) สำหรับ H2O2
กิจกรรม GR วัดจากออกซิไดซ์ GSH ขึ้นอยู่กับ
ออกซิเดชันของ nadph . ปฏิกิริยาจากส่วนผสมที่มีอยู่
25mm ( MgCl2 ( pH 7.6 ) 5mmnadph 50mm gssg
1ml เอนไซม์และสารสกัด [ 35,36 ]การเปลี่ยนแปลงในการดูดซึม
ที่ 340 nm ( E = 6.2mm − 1 cm − 1 ) ถูกบันทึกไว้กว่า 2.5 นาที
( เอนไซม์ APX ได้ดําเนินการในปฏิกิริยา
ส่วนผสมที่มี 166mm ฮีเปส ( pH 7 ) , 1.5mm
na ชา 1mm และฉัน 40  H2O2 เอนไซม์สกัดเข้มข้น
เปลี่ยนในการดูดซึมที่ 290 nm อัด 80 s หลังจากเพิ่ม
ของ H2O2 [ 37 ] .
กิจกรรมข่าวสดตกลงใจใช้วิธี
' โสดชุด WST ' ( dojindo moleclar เทคโนโลยี , อิงค์ , galthersburg
, MD ) หลักการของ SOD ( ชุดใช้
WST แก้ปัญหาการทํางาน 2 - ( 4-iodophenyl ) - 3 - ( 4-nitrophenyl ) -
5 - ( 2,4-disulfophenyl ) - tetrazolium ซึ่งผลิตสี watersoluble
เมื่อปฏิบัติการลดกับซุปเปอร์ไอออนลบ ( O2

− ) อัตราการลดลงที่มี O2

−เป็นเส้นตรงที่เกี่ยวข้องกับกิจกรรมของเอนไซม์และถูกยับยั้งโดย
สด ดังนั้น , 50% การยับยั้งกิจกรรมของ SOD สามารถ
วัด 450 nm ของการดูดกลืนแสง . กิจกรรมที่เฉพาะเจาะจงของ
SOD ( การยับยั้ง ) คำนวณได้โดยใช้สมการ
อธิบายในโปรโตคอลของชุด .
เนื้อหาของอาสาทั้งหมดและรวมกลูต้าไธโอน เป็น 0.1 กรัม ละลายใน homogenates

mphosphporic 1ml 5%กรดในสารละลาย . สารสกัดที่ได้ระดับที่ 13000 × 10
กรัมสำหรับนาทีที่ 4 ◦ C สูงใช้สำหรับการทดสอบ และอาสารวม
กลูต้าไธโอนทั้งหมด ทั้งโดยรวมและลดอาสาอาสา
เนื้อหากำหนดนี้
ที่ 525 nm ใช้ที่แตกต่างกันทำโซลูชั่น ;
อดีตเป็นโพแทสเซียมฟอสเฟตบัฟเฟอร์ pH 7.4 ) , และ n-ethlmaleimide บัตรแข็ง
,หลังถูก o-phosphoric กรด กรดไตรคลอโรอะซิติก
,  - dipyridyl ในแอลกอฮอล์ 70% และ
FeCl3 [ 38 ] อาสาและอาสารวมลดลงเนื้อหา
คำนวณจากมาตรฐานเส้นโค้งวางแผนจากที่ทราบความเข้มข้น
ของอาสา นอกจากอาสาและอาสารวมลดลง
เนื้อหา เรายังคำนวณอัตราส่วนของออกซิไดซ์อาสา
การอาสาเป็นข้อบ่งชี้ของรีดอกซ์สภาพ ascorbate
ในรากเนื้อหาไดซ์อาสา ( วิตามิน
c ) คำนวณได้โดยการลบลดลงอาสาเนื้อหา
จากเนื้อหาอาสาทั้งหมด ปริมาณกลูตาไธโอน ( GSH gssg

) คือวัดนี้ที่ 412 nm ใช้สารเคมีสารละลายที่มี nadph na2hpo4
, , EDTA , BSA , อิมิดาโซล
ยีสต์ดักเตสและ 5 , 5 ,  - กลูต้าไธโอน dithiobis-2 -
nitrobenzoic กรด [ 39 ] ขณะเดียวกัน กลุ่มตั้งใจ
โดยไม่ต้องลดการแสดงตนของ 2-vinylpyridine ใน
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