The vehicles in the example above form an ad-hoc network,meaning that there is no pre-arranged network infrastructure and that the vehicles are not required to have access to the public Internet for communication. In addition, since vehicles are on mobility, so a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is created. In particular, MANETs that consist of vehicles as nodes, or
vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), face challenges which include high-speed mobility, constraints on vehicle lane
movement, because of type of roadways and unpredictable driver behavior [2]. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are
a special kind of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET), where wireless-equipped (WiFi installed on road) vehicles form a
network with no additional infrastructure.