while this collective intergenerati

while this collective intergenerational transmission forms an endogenous process of path dependency in societies as envisaged by north(1989, 1994) it is also subject to exogenous influences through the slow adaptation to additional exogenous structures such as transplanted legal regimes and political governance structures (Hofstede, 1991; Williamson,2000)that gradually become incorporated into the wider accepted societal matrix. In this manner the wider societal matrix of informal and formal institutions effect the firm's informational environment thorough legitimizing the society's optimal level of information disclosure as well as providing support or otherwise for organizational structures and governance mechanisms that improve information acquisition for external stakeholders(Fogarty and Rogers, 2005). As such the role of political structures and state-level institutions is paramount in this process in terms of providing suitable enforcement mechanisms to regulate behaviour and in optimizing governance structures(North, 1994).
However the inaugural work in the accounting literature by Fogarty and Rogers(2005) in outlining an institutional theory on the evaluation of financial analyst reports and accounting information is primarily restricted to a focus on the US market. The cross country comparative literature regarding amount of firm disclosure is largely centred on Beattie and jones(2001) and their six-country study, including Australia, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK and US, of the use of graphs in annual reports which itself draws on earlier distinctions between accounting practices developed by Nobes(1983). Nobes proposed a two-fold hierarchical classification of accounting practices between micro-Anglo Saxon and macro-continental methods. Micro based practices are characterized by relatively weaker governmental influence on accounting,stronger degree of independent accounting professions and comparatively active equity marker. These promote the focus on techniques on net worth and earnings and have an explicit orientation towards benefitting external stakeholders.Macro based practices in contrast have relatively strong governmental influence on accounting, a less independent and developed accounting profession and comparatively inactive equity markets that causes focus more on internal stakeholders than external counterparts. Accounting practices are legalistic and tax-based with tendency to be uniform and inflexible or rigid in application which has led to countries falling within this classification being termed as "code law"By Mueller et al. (1991). Further applications by Salter and Niswander being term (1995) and Salter and Doupnik (1992)find empirical support for nobes two-fold hierarchical classification between micro and macro accounting systems. However Gray(1988) extended the concof

Results (English) 3:

而这个集体的代际传递所形成北社会路径依赖内源性的过程（1989，1994）也受外源影响通过慢适应额外的外部结构如移植的法律制度和政治治理结构（Hofstede，1991；威廉姆森，2000），逐渐成为更广泛接受的社会矩阵。以这种方式，非正式制度与正式制度的影响公司的信息环境全面合法化社会的最优信息披露水平以及提供支持或组织结构和治理机制，提高外部利益相关者信息获取更广泛的社会矩阵（Fogarty和Rogers，2005）。由于这样的政治结构和国家级机构的作用是最重要的，在这一过程中，提供合适的执法机制，规范行为和优化治理结构（北，1994）。然而在Fogarty导管和罗杰斯会计文献中就职的工作（2005）在概述金融分析师的报告和会计信息评价制度理论主要限于美国市场的焦点。跨国家的比较文学关于公司披露金额主要集中在比蒂和琼斯（2001）和六个国家的研究，包括澳大利亚，法国，德国，荷兰，英国和美国，对年度报告本身借鉴了先前的区别会计实务由诺比斯图之间的使用（1983）。诺比斯提出双重分层分类微盎格鲁-撒克逊和大陆之间的宏观方法会计实务。微观实践的特点是：政府对会计的影响相对较弱，独立会计专业的程度较高，相对积极的股权指标。这些促进净资产和盈利的技术重点和外部利益相关者对受益有一个明确的定位。宏观基础的做法相反，有比较强的政府对会计的影响，较低的独立和发达的会计行业和相对不活跃的股票市场，导致更多的内部利益相关者比外部同行。会计实务的基础与应用中LED的国家属于这个分类被称为“代码法”由缪勒等人统一灵活或刚性倾向法律和税收。（1991）。进一步应用Salter和奈斯汪德被长期多普尼克Salter和（1995）和（1992）发现诺贝斯双重分层分类的微观和宏观会计系统之间的实证支持。然而灰色（1988）扩展的concof