The I-P-O model provides a useful framework for organizing the factors that may facilitate or inhibit team effectiveness. One limitation is that it treats team processes, which are conceptually dynamic, as static.18 A more contemporary theory focuses on the dynamic aspects of team tasks as cycles of action, necessitating distinct teamwork processes.19 This perspective is well illustrated by Marks et al.,8 who developed a temporal model of team processes and performance, in which different team processes are critical, depending on the task work required