Space Science Fellowship Programfor supporting both T.W.B. and K.C.C. Also, deep gratitude is extended to Shannon Herrer and Clint Nelson of the SBC LTER for field collection and laboratory analysis, Dr. Norm Nelson of the Earth Research Institute for teaching laboratory techniques, and Dr. Michael Mercury for providing the MODIS 5 km daytime cloud mask dataset. We also especially thank Dan Reed for advice and assistance, as well as leading the SBC LTER project. We also thank guest editor Eric Hochberg and two anonymous reviewers from thoughtful comments that have improved the manuscript.