«Ваш покорный слуга кот» («Вагахай

«Ваш покорный слуга кот» («Вагахай ва нэко дзару»)... Уже в самом названии повести скрыт тонкий юмор. Эта короткая фраза звучит так по-старомодному учтиво, будто читателям представляется некий грамотей, искушенный в книжной премудрости. И не удивительно: заговорил кот школьного учителя.

Наслушавшись в доме своего хозяина умных разговоров о новых течениях современной мысли, в первую очередь о модном индивидуализме и о «сверхчеловеке», он возомнил себя существом необыкновенным, подлинным «сыном двадцатого века». Комизм ситуации, как в «Путешествиях Гулливера» Свифта, состоит в том, что карлик меряет великана меркой своего малого мира с полным чувством собственного превосходства. Хозяин кажется коту «придурковатым», выходки, чудачества хозяина – верх нелепости. Карлик не владеет ключом к душе великана. Но это верно только в том случае, если существо из малого «кошачьего» мирка встречается с подлинно большим человеком. «Не все люди – люди» – таков подтекст повести.

Один из самых действенных приемов сатиры состоит в том, чтобы перенести явления, которые кажутся «большими», «великими», в какой-нибудь «малый мир» и тем самым лишить их мнимой, иллюзорной значительности, развенчать их, заставить над ними смеяться.

Когда кот в битве с мышами объявляет себя адмиралом Того, то смешон не только кот: прежде всего смешон адмирал Того. Показывая японское общество своего времени в плане пародии и гротеска, писатель словно поворачивает бинокль уменьшительной стороной. Наивные суждения кота не только забавляют, они дают с особой силой почувствовать нелепость окружающей жизни.

Повесть начинается в тонах мягкого юмора и перерастает в гневную сатиру свифтовского масштаба, «облитую горечью и злостью». Гулливер по рукам и ногам связан лилипутами. Шутка больше не в силах замаскировать трагедию, скрыть гнев и отчаяние. Главный герой повести учитель Кусями – это сам автор. В душном «кошачьем» мирке обывателей задыхается человек большого ума и сердца, замечательный писатель-гуманист Нацумэ Сосэки. Со всех сторон его теснят животные в образе людей: пошляки, толстосумы, всякая мелкая продажная тварь; но он бьет своих врагов, сильно бьет острым оружием слова, оружием сатиры, и эхо ударов разносится по всей Японии.

«Ваш покорный слуга кот» – первая большая сатирическая повесть в японской литературе нового времени.

Нацумэ Сосэки родился 5 января того самого 1867 года, когда молодой буржуазной Японии удалось наконец бурным натиском прорвать обветшалую плотину феодализма. Но взбаламученные волны скоро успокоились. Возникло буржуазно-монархическое государство, слегка подкрашенное умеренным, вполне благопристойным либерализмом. Император Мэйдзи позировал в роли «просвещенного государя», покровителя науки и искусства, сам сочинял стихи. Он считался «потомком богов на земле». При новом режиме нашли себе место под солнцем и старые феодалы, влившиеся в ряды правящей дворянской бюрократии, и деятели промышленного капитализма. Но многие «мелкие люди» потеряли свои хлебные места в результате последовавших после буржуазной революции преобразований, растерялись, ожесточились. Среди них оказался и отец Нацумэ Сосэки. При феодальном режиме он занимал наследственную должность «нануси» – старшины в одной из общин города Эдо (Токио). Должность эта приносила ему немалые доходы. Он не сумел приспособиться к новым порядкам, семья обеднела. Будущий писатель появился на свет в «день обезьяны» по старому японскому календарю. Старинное поверье гласило, что родившийся в этот день становится вором. Беду можно было отвести, дав ребенку имя, в состав которого входит иероглиф «Кин» (деньги). Мальчика нарекли Кинноскэ (имя Сосэки является литературным псевдонимом писателя). Престарелые родители не обрадовались появлению нового, шестого по счету, ребенка и отдали его в чужую семью. Им распоряжались как вещью. Супруги, усыновившие Кинноскэ, через несколько лет разошлись, и родителям волей-неволей пришлось взять сына обратно. Для них он был нежеланной обузой, лишним ртом.

Results (English) 1:

"Your humble servant of the cat" ("Vagahaj WA Neko Zaru") to ... In the title story is hidden a subtle humor. This short phrase sounds so old-fashioned courtesy, though readers appear to be some gramotej, practiced in the book of wisdom. And no wonder: talking cat school teacher.After hearing in the House of his master the smart talk of new currents of contemporary thought, particularly on the trendy individualism and of "Superman," he imagines himself being unusual, true "son of the twentieth century". Comic situations, as in "Gulliver's Travels" Swift is that dwarf takes a giant size of his small world with a full sense of their own superiority. The owner seems like a cat "," silly antics, the eccentric master-top absurdity. The dwarf holds the key to the soul of a giant. But this is true only if the small creature "cat" Mirka is a truly great man. "Not all people are people"-that is the implication of the story.One of the most effective techniques of satire is to transfer the phenomena that appear to be "big", "great", in a "small world" and thereby deprive them of imaginary, illusory significance, debunk them, make them laugh.When the cat in the battle with the mice declares himself Admiral of the ridiculous not only cat: first of all, The Admiral is ridiculous. Featuring Japanese society of its time in terms of parody and the grotesque, as if the writer turns a pair of binoculars, a short side. Naïve judgments cat not only amusing, they give a strong sense of the absurdity of life.The story begins in tones of gentle humor and turns into an angry satire sviftovskogo scale, "poured bitterness and anger." Gulliver on the hands and feet is liliputami. The joke is no longer able to cover up the tragedy, hide anger and despair. The protagonist of the story the teacher Kusâmi is the author. In a stuffy "cat's ' world of Philistines choking man big heart and mind, a wonderful writer-humanist Natsume Soseki. On all sides it impacted animal in the image of the people: the nincompoops, moneybags, any small selling creation; but it beats its enemies, an acute arms words, weapons of satire, and the echo of strikes is spread throughout Japan."Your humble servant of the cat" is the first great satirical novel in Japanese literature of the time.Natsume Soseki was born on 5 January 1867 a year when young bourgeois Japan finally managed to break through the onslaught of rapid decayed dam feudal. But vzbalamučennye wave soon calmed down. A bourgeois-monarchic State, slightly podkrašennoe, it blagopristojnym a moderate liberalism. Emperor Meiji was posing as enlightened monarch ", patron of science and art, he composed verses. He was a descendant of the gods on Earth. " Under the new regime have found their place in the Sun and the old feudal lords, integrated into the ranks of the ruling nobility of the bureaucracy, and figures of industrial capitalism. But many of the "small people" lost their bread place as a result of the subsequent transformation of the bourgeois revolution, confused, hardened. Among them was father of Natsume Soseki. The feudal mode he held the hereditary post of "nanusi"-the elders in a community of Edo (Tokyo). This post brought him considerable income. He failed to adjust to the new order, the family impoverished. The future writer was born in monkey day according to the old Japanese calendar. An old legend that the born on this day becomes a thief. Trouble can withdraw by giving the child a name consisting of the character "kin" (money). A boy called Kinnoskè (the name of Soseki is a literary pseudonym of the writer). Elderly parents are not happy with the appearance of a new, sixth child and gave it to someone else's family. It was run as a thing. The couple, who have adopted Kinnoskè, within a few years, broke up, and parents perforce had to take her son back. For them it was an unwelcome burden, more than the mouth.

Results (English) 3:

"Is your servant" ("state, from kappa alpha for alpha kappa X were in depression from 3 to C alpha, and I)... The facts have been hidden in the subtle humor novella title. This short sentence sounds like a C, C M C alpha, C M and polite to society, as readers seem to be engraved,Learn from books of wisdom. Not surprised: school teacher talking cat at home.

PI. C., and from the state, me C smart master die warm talking about new modern ideas,The first is about fashion, and "c e e c e and PI were identified by me from me to you, to me and to me. 3 m e le and his creatures, he is ahead, the real" Twentieth Century son. A caricature of the situation, how to "t a pi pi in state e studies." to me, alpha Phi C travel, isM e p e and the dwarf, a small giant in the world with a complete feeling of their own advantages. Cat owners are p y p to me from the state. The kappa pronoun "m antics, like" long and long. The master, to e c energy-saving. -- the top of the absurd.Giant short do not have keys to the soul. But it is true, if only a small, long alpha kappa bio die e von "Mirka meet" really great people. "Not all people -- -- this is the novella" the subtext of

.One of the most effective techniques of irony is the mobile phenomenon, "O C, and seems to be slow to me", "the state has to slow to me" kappa me, "what a small world, thereby depriving them of the importance of false, unreal, exposed their,Make them laugh.

when the cat in the battlefields of mice announced that he is a cat, not funny laughable: the first is the admiral. At the scheduled time shows that the Japanese Society of parody and the grotesque,The writer like binocular telescope and has had to die, me, and our party has in a tilt. 3. The innocent judgment by the state for the cat. The elixir not only has a special feeling of power, they give the absurd living environment.

The story begins in the tone of anger, for me, a C soft humor and become out of me, from the State Party from kappa Phi von scale, "energy-saving system in its development and increased their bitter elixir to die, elixir. The Geleg Buddha hand foot linked dwarf. Joke, can not hide the tragedyHidden anger and despair. The Novella A C and M kappa me -- this is the protagonist of the author's own teacher. "Really, do you use a kappa alpha long die e mm" stuffy head and heart onlookers gasped the great writer Natsume Soseki, humanist.From all sides: he are a millionaire in the use for me to repel the rebels, animal images, any small sales, but he beat the bad guy; a sharp weapon to their enemies, hit, strike weapons and satire, echo across Japan

."Is your servant," the first big wild kappa a story -- in the new era of Japanese literature. Natsume Sosekide was born in January 5, 1867.

,When a young bourgeois has forced Japan finally broke through a shabby dam of the feudal system. But by alpha PI. The energy-saving energy-saving society from allus e m e wave quickly calm down. The bourgeois monarch of the country,Gently are to use advanced studies. The kappa had had a "mild, decent liberal. Emperor Meiji to the role of "enlightened t increased and to alpha, and I, science and art patron, write their own poems. He is considered to be descendants of "God".In the new mode to find their own position and the old feudal lords in the sun, and their use for me by me to the ruling aristocracy C bureaucratic ranks, and those of industrial capitalism.But many "small" lost their bread in place, then the change of the bourgeois revolution, lost all, C E C, C albumose me long le me die out. Among them, proved to be Natsume Soseki and father.In a position to alpha and phi e c m from the genetic model -- "he served as a community in society. The society and to me" sergeant in Edo (Tokyo) city. This position gave him a lot of money. He did not try to adapt yourself to new customers, up to K pgfla m c,The family is in straitened circumstances.. Future writer in the light of the day to die for energy-saving has appeared in the "old" allus from the Japanese calendar. The antique is a superstition, was born on this day to become a thief. Can children have trouble, name,"Saw my, composed of Chinese characters (money). (the boy's name is from the PI kappa kappa alpha, has increased from me me from the kappa x C increased 1 me writer under the pseudonym kappa). New sixth elderly parents upsetIn another family's child and sacrifice. They are from P. C and P albumose. Le me out as a major deals. Spouse, me had increased from kappa kappa x adoption, by dispersed in several years, and parents reluctantly had to take his son back. He refused to be a burden to them,Odd's mouth.