Greater sustainability in
maritime transport requires as a matter of priority that
the overdependence on oil-based propulsion systems
be effectively addressed (UNCTAD, 2010). Reducing
exposure to volatility in oil prices and fuel costs though
investment in energy efficiency measures, alternative
energy sources and more sustainable operational
and management practices can help control fuel and
transport costs, derive efficiency gains and therefore
enable more effective access to markets and promote
trade competiveness.