These are all cases of natural mean

These are all cases of natural meaning, or, following Grice, meaning(n). Note that not all bearers of natural meaning are natural events or facts – the last example is a budget. Generally, natural meaning concerns symptoms or signs or some state of a ffairs. Other examples might be "smoke means fire", "that drop in barometric pressure means rain", and "the fact that the car is exhausting blue smoke means that it is burning oil.".

In these cases of natural meaning the connection between the bearer of natural meaning and the state that it indicates does not owe to agency. But even in cases like these one could suppose that although no agent is a component of the causal connection, n evertheless the existence of he causal connection itself is the result of an intelligent agent. For example, one could suppose that God has established the connection between measles and its characteristic red spots, or between fire and smoke, perhaps ju st so that we might know when someone has measles or that there is a fire. If God were to act in these ways, he would be what Dretske has called a "structuring cause" – He would cause it to be the case that measles cause red spots, or that fire causes smoke. The meaning of smoke and spots would still be natural meaning, for God would not on each occasion of the appearance of spots or smoke cause them to appear. Rather He would have arranged things so that in the ordinary course of things, mea sles cause red spots and fire causes smoke, so that from red spots one may infer measles, and from smoke one may infer fire.

Cases where natural meaning is at work as the result of structuring agents are particularly interesting for exploring the connection between semantics and pragmatics, and the relation of natural and non-natural meaning. Accordingly, let us conside r the special case of instruments, devices which are designed to convey information about some condition. These have, as it were, artificial natural meaning.

Results (English) 1:

These are all cases of natural meaning, or, following Grice, meaning (n). Note that not all bearers of natural meaning are natural events or facts – the last example is a budget. Generally, natural meaning concerns symptoms or signs or some state of a fairs. Other examples might be "smoke means fire", "that drop in barometric pressure means rain", and "the fact that the car is exhausting blue smoke means that it is burning oil.".In these cases of natural meaning the connection between the bearer of natural meaning and the state that it indicates does not owe to agency. But even in cases like these one could suppose that although no agent is a component of the causal connection, n evertheless the existence of he causal connection itself is the result of an intelligent agent. For example, one could suppose that God has established the connection between measles and its characteristic red spots, or between fire and smoke, perhaps ju st so that we might know when someone has measles or that there is a fire. If God were to act in these ways, he would be what Dretske has called a "structuring cause" – He would cause it to be the case that measles cause red spots, or that fire causes smoke. The meaning of smoke and spots would still be natural meaning, for God would not on each occasion of the appearance of spots or smoke cause them to appear. Rather He would have arranged things so that in the ordinary course of things, mea sles cause red spots and fire causes smoke, so that from red spots one may infer measles, and from smoke one may infer fire.Cases where natural meaning is at work as the result of structuring agents are particularly interesting for exploring the connection between semantics and pragmatics, and the relation of natural and non-natural meaning. Accordingly, let us conside are the special case of instruments, devices which are designed to convey information about some condition. These have, as it were, artificial natural meaning.

Results (English) 3:

这些都是自然的意义，或者，追随格莱斯，意义（N）。注意不是所有的自然意义承载的自然事件或事实–最后一个例子是一个预算。一般来说，自然意义问题的症状或体征或一些国家大事。其他的例子可能是“烟是火”，“大气压力的下降意味着要下雨”，“事实上，汽车排蓝烟意味着它是燃烧石油。”。

在自然意义上的自然意义和国家的人之间的联系，指出不欠这些案件代理。但即使在这样的情况下，可以假设，虽然没有代理的因果连接组件，n他evertheless存在因果关系本身是一个智能代理的结果。例如，可以认为神已经建立了麻疹和其特征的红点之间的连接，或在火和烟，也许讲以便我们知道当有人麻疹或有火。如果上帝能这样做，他会是什么Dretske称为“结构”的原因–他会给它的情况是，麻疹导致的红色斑点，或火灾烟雾。烟点的意义仍然是自然意义，因为神不会在每次出现斑点或烟使他们出现。而他会使设置在普通课程的事情，MEA SLES引起红点和火灾原因抽烟，所以从红点可以推断麻疹，从烟可以推断火灾的情况。

自然意义是在工作的结果作为结构剂是特别有趣的探索之间的连接语义学和语用学，以及自然与非自然意义的关系。因此，让我们考虑仪器的特殊情况，这是设计来传达一些状态信息的装置。这些，好像，人工自然意义。