Roy (2009) further explained that p

Roy (2009) further explained that pain can be a frightening, frustrating, and at times overwhelming experience, not only for the suffering individual, but also for others involved in the situation (i.e. nurses and family members). Treating the pain, as verbalised by the participants of this study, can be done by giving medications, family presence, touch, and
reassurance. Family presence, touch and reassurance are behavioural-cognitive approaches to pain relief (Roy, 2009). Feeling confident regarding what is effective nursing care for people experiencing pain helps alleviate the nurses’ own apprehensions.

Results (English) 2:

罗伊（2009）进一步解释说，疼痛是一个可怕的，令人沮丧，有时压倒性的经验，不仅对于苦难的个体，但也参与的情况（如护士和其他家庭成员）。治疗疼痛，如用语言描述的这项研究的参与者，可以通过给药，家庭的存在，触摸，和
安慰。家庭的存在，触摸和保证的是疼痛行为认知方法（罗伊，2009）。自信对于什么是有效的人正在经历的痛苦有助于减轻护士的护理自己的恐惧。