The Florence Baptistery (Italian: B

The Florence Baptistery (Italian: Battistero di San Giovanni), also known as the Baptistery of Saint John, is a religious building in Florence, Italy, and has the status of a minor basilica. The octagonal baptistery stands in both the Piazza del Duomo and the Piazza San Giovanni, across from Florence Cathedral and the Campanile di Giotto.

The Baptistery is one of the oldest buildings in the city, constructed between 1059 and 1128 in the Florentine Romanesque style. Although the Florentine style did not spread across Italy as widely as the Pisan Romanesque or Lombard styles, its influence was decisive for the subsequent development of architecture, as it formed the basis from which Francesco Talenti, Leon Battista Alberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, and the other architects created Renaissance architecture. In the case of the Florentine Romanesque, one can speak of "proto-renaissance", but at the same time an extreme survival of the late antique architectural tradition in Italy, as in the cases of the Basilica of San Salvatore in Spoleto, the Temple of Clitumnus, the church of Sant'Alessandro in Lucca.

The Baptistry is renowned for its three sets of artistically important bronze doors with relief sculptures. The south doors were done by Andrea Pisano and the north and east doors by Lorenzo Ghiberti.[1] The east doors were dubbed by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise.

The Italian poet Dante and many other notable Renaissance figures, including members of the Medici family, were baptized in this baptistry.[2] In fact, until the end of the nineteenth century, all Catholic Florentines were baptized here.

Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Early history
1.2 Octagonal design
1.3 Construction
2 Exterior
2.1 Design
2.2 Baptistery doors
2.2.1 Andrea Pisano
2.2.2 Lorenzo Ghiberti
2.2.3 Preservation of original art
2.2.4 Other contributors
2.3 Panels
2.4 Images from the doors
3 Interior
4 Mosaic ceiling
5 See also
6 References
7 Additional reading
8 External links
History[edit]
Early history[edit]

Illustration from Villani's Nuova Cronica, showing Totila razing the walls of Florence in the 6th century, leaving the Baptistry intact
For a long time, it was believed that the Baptistry was originally a Roman temple dedicated to Mars, the tutelary god of the old Florence.[3] The unscholarly chronicler Giovanni Villani reported this medieval Florentine legend in his fourteenth-century Nuova Cronica on the history of Florence.[4] However, twentieth-century excavations have shown that there was a first-century Roman wall running through the piazza with the Baptistry, which may have been built on the remains of a Roman guard tower on the corner of this wall, or possibly another Roman building. It is, however, certain that a first octagonal baptistry was erected here in the late fourth or early fifth century. It was replaced or altered by another early Christian baptistry in the sixth century. Its construction is attributed to Theodolinda, queen of the Lombards (570-628) to seal the conversion of her husband, King Authari.

Octagonal design[edit]
The octagon had been a common shape for baptisteries for many centuries since early Christian times. The number eight is a symbol of regeneration in Christianity, signifying the six days of creation, the Day of Rest, and a day of re-creation through the Sacrament of Baptism.[5] Other early examples are the Lateran Baptistry (440) that provided a model for others throughout Italy, the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus (527-536) in Constantinople and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna (548).


Octagonal plan
The earlier baptistry was the city's second basilica after San Lorenzo, outside the northern city wall, and predates the church Santa Reparata. It was first recorded as such on 4 March 897, when the Count Palatine and envoy of the Holy Roman Emperor sat there to administer justice.[citation needed] The granite pilasters were probably taken from the Roman forum sited at the location of the present Piazza della Repubblica. At that time, the baptistry was surrounded by a cemetery with Roman sarcophagi, used by important Florentine families as tombs (now in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo).

Construction[edit]
The present much larger Baptistry was built in Romanesque style around 1059, evidence of the growing economic and political importance of Florence. It was reconsecrated on 6 November 1059 by Pope Nicholas II, a Florentine. According to legend, the marbles were brought from Fiesole, conquered by Florence in 1078. Other marble came from ancient structures. The construction was finished in 1128.

An octagonal lantern was added to the pavilion roof around 1150. It was enlarged with a rectangular apse on the west side in 1202. On the corners, under the roof, are monstrous lion heads with a human head under their claws. They are early representations of Marzocco, the heraldic Florentine lion (see Loggia dei Lanzi).

Between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, three bronze double doors were added, with bronze and marble statues above them. This gives an indication that the Baptistry, at that time, was at least equal to the neighbouring cathedral in importance.

Exterior[edit]
Design[edit]

View from the outside with the Gates of Paradise
The Baptistry has eight equal sides with a rectangular addition on the west side. The sides, originally constructed in sandstone, are clad in geometrically patterned colored marble, white Carrara marble with green Prato marble inlay, reworked in Romanesque style between 1059 and 1128. The pilasters on each corner, originally in grey stone, were decorated with white and dark green marble in a zebra-like pattern by Arnolfo di Cambio in 1293. The style of this church would serve as a prototype, influencing many architects, such as Leone Battista Alberti, in their design of Renaissance churches in Tuscany.

The exterior is also ornamented with a number of artistically significant statues by Andrea Sansovino (above the Gates of Paradise), Giovan Francesco Rustici, Vincenzo Danti (above the south doors) and others.

The design work on the sides is arranged in groupings of three, starting with three distinct horizontal sections. The middle section features three blind arches on each side, each arch containing a window. These have alternate pointed and semicircular tympani. Below each window is a stylized arch design. In the upper fascia, there are also three small windows, each one in the center block of a three-panel design.

The apse was originally semicircular, but was it was made rectangular in 1202.

It is currently being renovated (August 2015).

Baptistery doors[edit]
Andrea Pisano[edit]

South doors (detail) by Andrea Pisano
As recommended by Giotto, Andrea Pisano was awarded the commission to design the first set of doors in 1329. The south doors were originally installed on the east side, facing the Duomo, and were transferred to their present location in 1452. The bronze-casting and gilding was done by the Venetian Leonardo d'Avanzo, widely recognized as one of the best bronze smiths in Europe. This took six years, the doors being completed in 1336. These proto-Renaissance doors consist of 28 quatrefoil panels, with the twenty top panels depicting scenes from the life of St. John the Baptist. The eight lower panels depict the eight virtues of hope, faith, charity, humility, fortitude, temperance, justice and prudence. The moulded reliefs in the doorcase were added by Lorenzo Ghiberti in 1452. There is a Latin inscription on top of the door: "Andreas Ugolini Nini de Pisis me fecit A.D. MCCCXXX" (Andrea Pisano made me in 1330).

The group of bronze statues above the gate depict The Beheading of St John the Baptist. It is the masterwork of Vincenzo Danti from 1571.

Lorenzo Ghiberti[edit]

East doors, or Gates of Paradise, by Lorenzo Ghiberti
In 1401, a competition was announced by the Arte di Calimala (Cloth Importers Guild) to design doors which would eventually be placed on the north side of the baptistry. (The original location for these doors was the east side of the baptistry, but the doors were moved to the north side of the baptistry after Ghiberti completed his second commission, known as the "Gates of Paradise.")[6]

These north doors would serve as a votive offering to celebrate the sparing of Florence from relatively recent scourges such as the Black Death in 1348. Many artists competed for this commission and a jury selected seven semifinalists. These finalists include Lorenzo Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Donatello and Jacopo della Quercia,[7] with 21-year-old Ghiberti winning the commission. At the time of judging, only Ghiberti and Brunelleschi were finalists, and when the judges could not decide, they were assigned to work together on them. Brunelleschi's pride got in the way, and he went to Rome to study architecture leaving Ghiberti to work on the doors himself. Ghiberti's autobiography, however, claimed that he had won, "without a single dissenting voice." The original designs of The Sacrifice of Isaac by Ghiberti and Brunelleschi are on display in the museum of the Bargello.

It took Ghiberti 21 years to complete these doors. These gilded bronze doors consist of twenty-eight panels, with twenty panels depicting the life of Christ from the New Testament. The eight lower panels show the four evangelists and the Church Fathers Saint Ambrose, Saint Jerome, Saint Gregory and Saint Augustine. The panels are surrounded by a framework of foliage in the door case and gilded busts of prophets and sibyls at the intersections of the panels. Originally installed on the east side, in place of Pisano's doors, they were later moved to the north side. They are described by the art historian Antonio Paolucci (it) as "the most important event in the history of Florentine art in the first quarter of the 15th century".[8]

The bronze statues over the northern gate depict John the Baptist preaching to a Pharisee and Sadducee. They were sculpted

Results (Lao) 1:

ການ Florence Baptistery (Italian​: Battistero di San Giovanni​)​, ເປັນ​ທີ່​ຮູ້​ຈັກ​ຍັງ​ເປັນ Baptistery ຂອງ Saint John ໄດ້​, ແມ່ນ​ເປັນ​ອາ​ຄານ​ທາງ​ສາ​ສະ​ຫນາ​ໃນ Florence​, ອິ​ຕາ​ລີ​, ແລະ​ມີ​ສະ​ຖາ​ນະ​ພາບ​ຂອງ​ມະ​ຫາ​ວິ​ຫານ​ທີ່​ເປັນ​ການ​ຄ້າ​ຫນ້ອຍ​. ການ Baptistery octagonal ຢືນ​ຢູ່​ໃນ​ທັງ​ສອງ Piazza del ວິ​ຫານ​ແລະ Piazza San Giovanni​, ໃນ​ທົ່ວ​ຈາກ Florence ວິ​ຫານ​ແລະ Campanile di Giotto​. Baptistery ແມ່ນ​ຫນຶ່ງ​ໃນ​ອາ​ຄານ​ເກົ່າ​ແກ່​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ໃນ​ຕົວ​ເມືອງ​, ການ​ກໍ່​ສ້າງ​ລະ​ຫວ່າງ 1059 ແລະ 1128 ຢູ່​ໃນ​ແບບ Florentine Romanesque​. ເຖິງ​ແມ່ນ​ວ່າ​ການ​ລົງ Florentine ບໍ່​ໄດ້​ກະ​ຈາຍ​ໃນ​ທົ່ວ​ອິ​ຕາ​ລີ​ເປັນ​ຢ່າງ​ກວ້າງ​ຂວາງ​ເປັນ Pisan Romanesque ຫຼື Lombard ຄໍ​ເຕົ້າ​ໄຂ່​ທີ່​, ອິດ​ທິ​ພົນ​ຂອງ​ຕົນ​ແມ່ນ​ການ​ຕັດ​ສິນ​ໃຈ​ສໍາ​ລັບ​ການ​ພັດ​ທະ​ນາ​ຕໍ່​ມາ​ຫຼັງ​ຂອງ​ສະ​ຖາ​ປັດ​ຕະ​, ເປັນ​ການ​ສ້າງ​ຕັ້ງ​ຂຶ້ນ​ບົນ​ພື້ນ​ຖານ​ທີ່ Francesco Talenti​, Leon Battista Alberti​, Filippo Brunelleschi​, ແລະ​ອື່ນໆ ສະ​ຖາ​ປະ​ນິກ​ສະ​ຖາ​ປັດ​ຕະ​ສ້າງ Renaissance​. ໃນ​ກໍ​ລະ​ນີ​ຂອງ Florentine Romanesque​, ຫນຶ່ງ​ສາ​ມາດ​ເວົ້າ​ພາ​ສາ​ຂອງ "proto​, renaissance​"​, ແຕ່​ໃນ​ເວ​ລາ​ດຽວ​ກັນ​ການ​ຢູ່​ລອດ​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ຂອງ​ທ້າຍ​ປີ​ປະ​ເພ​ນີ​ສະ​ຖາ​ປັດ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ຖຸ​ໂບ​ຫານ​ໃນ​ອິ​ຕາ​ລີ​, ໃນ​ກໍ​ລະ​ນີ​ຂອງ​ມະ​ຫາ​ວິ​ຫານ​ຂອງ San Salvatore ໃນ Spoleto​, ພຣະ​ວິ​ຫານ​ໄດ້ ຂອງ Clitumnus​, ສາດ​ສະ​ຫນາ​ຈັກ​ຂອງ Sant'Alessandro ໃນ​ລູ​ກາ​ໄດ້​. Baptistry ແມ່ນ renowned ສໍາ​ລັບ​ສາມ​ຊຸດ​ຂອງ​ປະ​ຕູ​ທອງ​ທີ່​ສໍາ​ຄັນ​ຄົນ​ຫລິ້ນ​ລະ​ຄອນ​ທີ່​ມີ​ປະ​ຕິ​ມາ​ກໍາ​ບັນ​ເທົາ​ທຸກ​ຂອງ​ຕົນ​. ການ​ປະ​ຕູ​ທາງ​ທິດ​ໃຕ້​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ເຮັດ​ໄດ້​ໂດຍ Andrea Pisano ແລະ​ພາກ​ເຫນືອ​ແລະ​ພາກ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​ປະ​ຕູ​ໂດຍ Lorenzo Ghiberti​. [1​] ການ​ປະ​ຕູ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການ​ຂະ​ຫນານ​ນາມ​ໂດຍ Michelangelo ປະ​ຕູ​ຮົ້ວ​ຂອງ​ຄໍາ​ຂວັນ​ນີ້​ໄດ້​. ການ​ກະ​ວີ Italian Dante ແລະ​ຈໍາ​ນວນ​ຫຼາຍ​ຕົວ​ເລກ​ອື່ນໆ Renaissance ສັງ​ເກດ​, ລວມ​ທັງ​ສະ​ມາ​ຊິກ​ຂອງ​ຄອບ​ຄົວ​ຂອງ Medici , ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການ​ບັບ​ຕິ​ສະ​ມາ​ໃນ baptistry ນີ້​. [2​] ໃນ​ຄວາມ​ເປັນ​ຈິງ​, ຈົນ​ກ​່​ວາ​ໃນ​ຕອນ​ທ້າຍ​ຂອງ​ສະ​ຕະ​ວັດ nineteenth ໄດ້​, ທັງ​ຫມົດ​ຟໍ​ເລນ​ກາ​ໂຕ​ລິກ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ບັບ​ຕິ​ທີ່​ນີ້​. ເນື້ອ​ໃນ [hide​] 1 ປະ​ຫວັດ​ສາດ 11 ປະ​ຫວັດ​ສາດ​ໃນ​ຕົ້ນ​ປີ 12 ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ Octagonal 13 ການ​ກໍ່​ສ້າງ 2 Exterior 21 ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ 22 ປະ​ຕູ Baptistery 22 1 Andrea Pisano 222 Lorenzo Ghiberti 223 ປົກ​ປັກ​ຮັກ​ສາ​ຂອງ​ສິນ​ລະ​ປະ​ຂອງ​ຕົ້ນ​ສະ​ບັບ 224 ປະ​ກອບ​ສ່ວນ​ອື່ນ 23 Panels 24 ຮູບ​ພາບ​ຕ່າງໆ​ຈາກ​ປະ​ຕູ 3 ພາຍ​ໃນ​ເພ​ດານ 4 Mosaic 5 ນອກ​ນັ້ນ​ຍັງ​ເບິ່ງ 6 ເອ​ກະ​ສານ​ອ້າງ 7 ເພີ່ມ​ເຕີມ​ອ່ານ 8 External ລິ້ງ​ປະ​ຫວັດ​ສາດ [ດັດ​ແກ້​] ປະ​ຫວັດ​ສາດ​ໃນ​ຕອນ​ຕົ້ນ [ດັດ​ແກ້​] ປະ​ກອບ​ຮູບ​ແຕ້ມ​ຈາກ Villani ຂອງ Nuova Cronica​, ສະ​ແດງ​ໃຫ້​ເຫັນ Totila razing ຝາ​ຂອງ Florence ໃນ​ສະ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ທີ 6​, ຊຶ່ງ​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້ Baptistry ໄດ້ intact ສໍາ​ລັບ​ການ​ໃຊ້​ເວ​ລາ​ດົນ​ນານ​, ໄດ້​ມີ​ການ​ເຊື່ອ​ກັນ​ວ່າ​ວ່າ Baptistry ແມ່ນ​ດັ້ງ​ເດີມ​ເປັນ​ພຣະ​ວິ​ຫານ Roman ອຸ​ທິດ​ຕົນ​ເພື່ອ Mars​, ພຣະ​ເຈົ້າ​ເປັນ​ຜູ້​ປົກ​ຄອງ​ຂອງ ອາ​ຍຸ Florence​. [3​] chronicler unscholarly Giovanni Villani ລາຍ​ງານ​ນີ້ legend Florentine medieval ໃນ​ສິບ​ສີ່​ສະ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ລາວ Nuova Cronica ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ປະ​ຫວັດ​ຂອງ Florence ໄດ້​. [4​] ຢ່າງ​ໃດ​ກໍ​ຕາມ​, ການ​ຂຸດ​ຄົ້ນ twentieth ສະ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ໄດ້​ສະ​ແດງ​ໃຫ້​ເຫັນ​ວ່າ​ມີ​ເປັນ​ຄັ້ງ​ທໍາ​ອິດ​ໃນ​ສະ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ກໍາ​ແພງ Roman ແລ່ນ ໂດຍ​ຜ່ານ​ການ piazza ກັບ Baptistry​, ທີ່​ມີ​ອາດ​ຈະ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການ​ກໍ່​ສ້າງ​ສຸດ​ຍັງ​ມີ​ການ​ຂອງ​ຫໍ​ຄອຍ​ທີ່​ກອງ Roman ໃນ​ແຈ​ຂອງ​ກໍາ​ແພງ​, ຫຼື​ໄປ​ຄົນ​ອື່ນ​ກໍ່​ສ້າງ Roman ໄດ້​. ມັນ​ເປັນ​, ແນວ​ໃດ​ກໍ່​ຕາມ​, ແນ່​ນອນ​ວ່າ​ເປັນ baptistry octagonal ທໍາ​ອິດ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ສ້າງ​ຂຶ້ນ​ຢູ່​ທີ່​ນີ້​ໃນ​ທ້າຍ​ສະ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ທີ​ຫ້າ​ຂອງ​ສີ່​ຫຼື​ຕົ້ນ​. ໄດ້​ມີ​ການ​ທົດ​ແທນ​ຫຼື​ການ​ປ່ຽນ​ແປງ​ອີກ baptistry Christian ຕົ້ນ​ໃນ​ສະ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ທີ​ຫົກ​. ການ​ກໍ່​ສ້າງ​ຂອງ​ຕົນ​ແມ່ນ​ຂອງ Theodolinda​, queen ຂອງ Lombards (570-628​) ການ​ທັບ​ປ່ຽນ​ແປງ​ຂອງ​ສາ​ມີ​ຂອງ​ນາງ​, King Authari ໄດ້​. ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ Octagonal [ດັດ​ແກ້​] octagon ທີ່​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ເປັນ​ຮູບ​ຮ່າງ​ທົ່ວ​ໄປ​ສໍາ​ລັບ Baptistery ສໍາ​ລັບ​ສັດ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ແລ້ວ​ຈໍາ​ນວນ​ຫຼາຍ​ນັບ​ຕັ້ງ​ແຕ່​ເວ​ລາ​ເລີ່ມ​ຕົ້ນ Christian​. ຈໍາ​ນວນ​ແປດ​ເປັນ​ສັນ​ຍາ​ລັກ​ຂອງ​ການ​ສືບ​ພັນ​ໃນ​ຄຣິ​ສ​ເປັນ​, ຊຶ່ງ​ຫມາຍ​ຄວາມ​ຫົກ​ມື້​ຂອງ​ການ​ສ້າງ​, ມື້​ຂອງ​ການ​ພັກ​ຜ່ອນ​, ແລະ​ມື້​ຂອງ​ການ Re ການ​ສ້າງ​, ໂດຍ​ຜ່ານ​ການ​ສິນ​ລະ​ລຶກ​ຂອງ​ການ​ບັບ​ຕິ​ສະ​ມາ​ໄດ້​. [5​] ຕົວ​ຢ່າງ​ອື່ນໆ​ແມ່ນ Lateran Baptistry (440​) ວ່າ ສະ​ຫນອງ​ຕົວ​ແບບ​ສໍາ​ລັບ​ຄົນ​ອື່ນ​ຕະ​ຫຼອດ​ອິ​ຕາ​ລີ​, ສາດ​ສະ​ຫນາ​ຈັກ​ຂອງ​ໄພ່​ພົນ​ຂອງ​ພຣະ Sergius ແລະ Bacchus (527-536​) ຢູ່​ໃນ Constantinople ແລະ​ມະ​ຫາ​ວິ​ຫານ​ຂອງ San ອັນ​ສໍາ​ຄັນ​ໃນ Ravenna (548​)​. ແຜນ Octagonal ການ baptistry ກ່ອນ​ຫນ້າ​ນີ້​ມະ​ຫາ​ວິ​ຫານ​ທີ​ສອງ​ເມືອງ​ຂອງ​ພາຍ​ຫຼັງ San Lorenzo​, ນອກ ກໍາ​ແພງ​ນະ​ຄອນ​ຂອງ​ພາກ​ເຫນືອ​, ແລະ​ກໍາ​ເນີດ​ສາ​ສ​ນາ​ຈັກ Santa Reparata ໄດ້​. ມັນ​ເປັນ​ບັນ​ທຶກ​ຄັ້ງ​ທໍາ​ອິດ​ໃນ​ຖາ​ນະ​ເຊັ່ນ​ໃນ 4 ເດືອນ​ມີ​ນາ 897​, ໃນ​ເວ​ລາ​ທີ່​ນັບ​ເພ​ດານ​ປາກ​ແລະ​ທູດ​ພິ​ເສດ​ຂອງ​ຍານ​ບໍ​ລິ​ສຸດ Roman Emperor ນັ່ງ​ບໍ່​ມີ​ການ​ດໍາ​ເນີນ​ການ​ຄວາມ​ຍຸດ​ຕິ​ທໍາ​. [ອ້າງ​ຈໍາ​ເປັນ​] ໄດ້ pilasters granite ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການ​ປະ​ຕິ​ບັດ​ອາດ​ຈະ​ມາ​ຈາກ forum Roman ໄດ້​ອະ​ພິ​ມະ​ຫາ​ຢູ່​ໃນ​ສະ​ຖານ​ທີ່​ຂອງ​ປະ​ຈຸ​ບັນ Piazza ໄດ້ Repubblica della​. ໃນ​ເວ​ລາ​ນັ້ນ​, baptistry ໄດ້​ອ້ອມ​ຮອບ​ໄປ​ດ້ວຍ​ປ່າ​ຊ້າ​ທີ່​ມີ sarcophagi Roman​, ການ​ນໍາ​ໃຊ້​ໂດຍ​ຄອບ​ຄົວ Florentine ສໍາ​ຄັນ​ເປັນ tombs (ປັດ​ຈຸ​ບັນ​ຢູ່​ໃນ​ພິ​ພິດ​ພັນ dell'Opera ວິ​ຫານ del​)​. ການ​ກໍ່​ສ້າງ [ດັດ​ແກ້​] ປະ​ຈຸ​ບັນ​ມີ​ຂະ​ຫນາດ​ໃຫຍ່ Baptistry ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ສ້າງ​ຂຶ້ນ​ໃນ​ແບບ Romanesque ປະ​ມານ 1059 , ຫຼັກ​ຖານ​ຂອງ​ຄວາມ​ສໍາ​ຄັນ​ທາງ​ເສດ​ຖະ​ກິດ​ແລະ​ການ​ເມືອງ​ການ​ຂະ​ຫຍາຍ​ຕົວ​ຂອງ Florence​. ໄດ້​ມີ​ການ reconsecrated ໃນ 6 ພະ​ຈິກ 1059 ໂດຍ Pope Nicholas II​, ​​Florentine ໄດ້​. ອີງ​ຕາມ​ການ legend​, marbles ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ນໍາ​ເອົາ​ມາ​ຈາກ Fiesole​, ເອົາ​ຊະ​ນະ Florence ໃນ 1078. marble ອື່ນໆ​ແມ່ນ​ມາ​ຈາກ​ໂຄງ​ສ້າງ​ວັດ​ຖຸ​ບູ​ຮານ​. ການ​ກໍ່​ສ້າງ​ໄດ້​ສໍາ​ເລັດ​ໃນ 1128. ເປັນ lantern octagonal ໄດ້​ເພີ່ມ​ເຂົ້າ​ສູ່​ຫລັງ​ຄາ​ລາ​ປະ​ມານ 1150. ໄດ້​ມີ​ການ​ຂະ​ຫຍາຍ​ທີ່​ມີ apse ມຸມ​ສາກ​ຂ້າງ​ທິດ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ຕົກ​ໃນ 1202. ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ມາ​, ພາຍ​ໃຕ້​ການ​ມຸງ​ການ​, ເປັນ​ຫົວ​ຫນ້າ​ຊ້າງ monstrous ທີ່​ມີ​ຫົວ​ມະ​ນຸດ​ພາຍ​ໃຕ້​ການ ຮອຍ​ທ​ພ​ບ​ຂອງ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​. ພວກ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ມີ​ການ​ເປັນ​ຕົວ​ແທນ​ຕົ້ນ​ຂອງ Marzocco​, ຊ້າງ Florentine ໄດ້​ພິ (ເບິ່ງ Loggia dei Lanzi​)​. ລະ​ຫວ່າງ​ສັດ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ທີ່​ສິບ​ສີ່​ແລະ sixteenth ການ​, ສາມ bronze ປະ​ຕູ​ເທົ່າ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ເພີ່ມ​, ມີ​ບໍ​ແລະ marble ສະ​ຖາ​ນະ​ພາບ​ຂ້າງ​ເທິງ​ໃຫ້​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​. ນີ້​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້​ສະ​ແດງ​ເຖິງ​ວ່າ Baptistry ໄດ້​, ໃນ​ເວ​ລາ​ນັ້ນ​, ນີ້​ແມ່ນ​ຢ່າງ​ຫນ້ອຍ​ເທົ່າ​ກັບ​ມະ​ຫາ​ວິ​ຫານ​ໃກ້​ຄຽງ​ໃນ​ຄວາມ​ສໍາ​ຄັນ​ເປັນ​. Exterior [ດັດ​ແກ້​] ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ [ດັດ​ແກ້​] ເບິ່ງ​ຈາກ​ພາຍ​ນອກ​ທີ່​ມີ​ປະ​ຕູ​ຮົ້ວ​ຂອງ​ຄໍາ​ຂວັນ​ນີ້​ໄດ້​ການ Baptistry ມີ​ແປດ​ສອງ​ດ້ານ​ເທົ່າ​ທຽມ​ກັນ​ກັບ​ນອກ​ຈາກ​ນັ້ນ​ຂອງ​ມຸມ​ສາກ ໃນ​ດ້ານ​ທິດ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ຕົກ​. ທັງ​ສອງ​ດ້ານ​, ການ​ກໍ່​ສ້າງ​ໃນ​ເບື້ອງ​ຕົ້ນ sandstone​, ແມ່ນ clad ໃນ marble ສີ​, ຮູບ​ແບບ​ການ geometrically​, marble Carrara ສີ​ຂາວ​ກັບ​ສີ​ຂຽວ inlay marble ໂຕ​, ປັບ​ປຸງ​ໃຫມ່​ໃນ​ແບບ Romanesque ລະ​ຫວ່າງ 1059 ແລະ 1128. pilasters ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ແຈ​ຂອງ​ແຕ່​ລະ​ຄົນ​, ດັ້ງ​ເດີມ​ຢູ່​ໃນ​ກ້ອນ​ຫີນ​ສີ​ຂີ້​ເຖົ່າ​, ໄດ້​ຖືກ decorated ມີ​ສີ​ຂາວ​ແລະ marble ສີ​ຂຽວ​ຊ​້​ໍ​າ​ໃນ​ຮູບ​ແບບ zebra ຄ້າຍ​ຄື​ໂດຍ Arnolfo di Cambio ໃນ 1293. ແບບ​ຂອງ​ສາດ​ສະ​ຫນາ​ຈັກ​ນີ້​ຈະ​ໃຫ້​ບໍ​ລິ​ການ​ເປັນ​ຕົ້ນ​ແບບ​, ອິດ​ທິ​ພົນ​ຕໍ່​ສະ​ຖາ​ປາ​ນິກ​ຈໍາ​ນວນ​ຫຼາຍ​, ເຊັ່ນ​: Leone Battista Alberti​, ໃນ​ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ​ຂອງ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ຂອງ​ສາດ​ສະ​ຫນາ​ຈັກ Renaissance ໃນ Tuscany​. exterior ແມ່ນ​ຍັງ ໄມ້​ປະ​ດັບ​ມີ​ຈໍາ​ນວນ​ຂອງ​ສະ​ຖາ​ນະ​ພາບ​ທີ່​ສໍາ​ຄັນ​ຄົນ​ຫລິ້ນ​ລະ​ຄອນ​ໂດຍ Andrea Sansovino (ຂ້າງ​ເທິງ​ປະ​ຕູ​ຂອງ​ຄໍາ​ຂວັນ​ນີ້​)​, Giovan Francesco Rustici​, Vincenzo Dantis (ຂ້າງ​ເທິງ​ປະ​ຕູ​ທາງ​ທິດ​ໃຕ້​) ແລະ​ອື່ນໆ​. ການ​ເຮັດ​ວຽກ​ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ​ທີ່​ທັງ​ສອງ​ດ້ານ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ຈັດ​ຢູ່​ໃນ​ກຸ່ມ​ຂອງ​ສາມ​, ເລີ່ມ​ມີ​ສາມ ພາກ​ສ່ວນ​ຕາມ​ລວງ​ນອນ​ທີ່​ແຕກ​ຕ່າງ​ກັນ​. ພາກ​ກາງ​ມີ​ສາມ​ທ້ອງ​ຟ້າ​ຕາ​ບອດ​ຂ້າງ​ແຕ່​ລະ​ຄົນ​, ແຕ່​ລະ​ທ້ອງ​ຟ້າ​ທີ່​ມີ​ປ່ອງ​ຢ້ຽມ​. ເຫຼົ່າ​ນີ້​ມີ tympani ແຫຼມ​ແລະ semicircular ຈັບ​ສະ​ຫຼັບ​. ຂ້າງ​ລຸ່ມ​ນີ້​ຕ່າງ​ແຕ່​ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ​ທ້ອງ​ຟ້າ​ເປັນ stylized ເປັນ​. ໃນ fascia ເທິງ​, ກໍ​ຍັງ​ມີ​ສາມ​ປ່ອງ​ຢ້ຽມ​ຂະ​ຫນາດ​ນ້ອຍ​, ແຕ່​ລະ​ຄົນ​ໃນ​ຕັນ​ສູນ​ກາງ​ຂອງ​ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ​ສາມ​ກະ​ດານ​. apse ແມ່ນ semicircular ເບື້ອງ​ຕົ້ນ​, ແຕ່​ວ່າ​ໄດ້​ມັນ​ໄດ້​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້​ມຸມ​ສາກ​ໃນ 1202. ມັນ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ປະ​ຈຸ​ບັນ​ຈະ​ຖືກ​ປັບ​ປຸງ​ໃຫມ່ (ສິງ​ຫາ 2015​)​. ປະ​ຕູ Baptistery [ດັດ​ແກ້​] Andrea Pisano [ດັດ​ແກ້​] South ປະ​ຕູ (ລາຍ​ລະ​ອຽດ​) ໂດຍ Andrea Pisano ໃນ​ຖາ​ນະ​ເປັນ​ການ​ແນະ​ນໍາ​ຈາກ Giotto​, Andrea Pisano ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ຮາງ​ວັນ​ຄະ​ນະ​ກໍາ​ມະ​ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ​ທີ່​ກໍາ​ນົດ​ໄວ້​ທໍາ​ອິດ​ຂອງ​ປະ​ຕູ​ໃນ 1329. ການ​ປະ​ຕູ​ທາງ​ທິດ​ໃຕ້​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການ​ຕິດ​ຕັ້ງ​ໃນ​ເບື້ອງ​ຕົ້ນ​ເບື້ອງ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​, ກໍາ​ລັງ​ປະ​ເຊີນ​ວິ​ຫານ​, ແລະ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການ​ຍົກ​ຍ້າຍ​ກັບ​ສະ​ຖານ​ທີ່​ໃນ​ປະ​ຈຸ​ບັນ​ຂອງ​ພວກ​ເຂົາ​ໃນ 1452. ການ bronze ແມ່​ພິມ​ແລະ​ປິດ​ທອງ​ໄດ້​ເຮັດ​ໄດ້​ໂດຍ​ການ Venetian Leonardo d'Avanzo​, ຮັບ​ການ​ຍອມ​ຮັບ​ກັນ​ຢ່າງ​ກວ້າງ​ຂວາງ​ເປັນ​ຫນຶ່ງ​ໃນ​ດັ່ງ​ກ່າວ​ສະ​ມິດ​ທີ່​ດີ​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ບໍ​ໃນ​ເອີ​ຣົບ​. ນີ້​ໄດ້​ຫົກ​ປີ​, ປະ​ຕູ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ສໍາ​ເລັດ​ໃນ 1336. ເຫຼົ່າ​ນີ້​ປະ​ຕູ proto​, Renaissance ປະ​ກອບ​ດ້ວຍ 28 ຫມູ່​ຄະ​ນະ quatrefoil​, ມີ​ຊາວ​ກະ​ດານ​ເທິງ​ມົນ scenes ຈາກ​ຊີ​ວິດ​ຂອງ​ທີ່ St John Baptist ໄດ້​. ແປດ​ຫມູ່​ຄະ​ນະ​ຕ​່​ໍ​າ​ແດງ​ແປດ​ຄຸນ​ງາມ​ຄວາມ​ດີ​ຂອງ​ຄວາມ​ຫວັງ​, ມີ​ສັດ​ທາ​, ຄວາມ​ໃຈ​ບຸນ​, ຄວາມ​ຖ່ອມ​ຕົນ​, ຄວາມ​ອົດ​ທົນ​, ຄວາມ​ຢັບ​ຄວາມ​ຍຸ​ຕິ​ທໍາ​, ແລະ​ຄວາມ​ຮອບ​ຄອບ​. ການ​ບັນ​ເທົາ​ທຸກ molded ໃນ doorcase ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ເພີ່ມ​ໂດຍ Lorenzo Ghiberti ໃນ 1452. ມີ​ການ​ຂຽນ​ອັກ​ສອນ​ລາ​ຕິນ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ການ​ເທິງ​ຂອງ​ປະ​ຕູ​ໄດ້​ແມ່ນ​: "Andreas Ugolini Nini de Pisi ຂ້າ​ພະ​ເຈົ້າ fecit AD MCCCXXX​" (Andrea Pisano ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້​ຂ້າ​ພະ​ເຈົ້າ​ໃນ 1330​)​. ກຸ່ມ​ຂອງ​ສະ​ຖາ​ນະ​ພາບ bronze ການ ຂ້າງ​ເທິງ​ປະ​ຕູ​ໄດ້​ສະ​ແດງ​ເຖິງ​ການ​ຕັດ​ຫົວ​ຂອງ St John Baptist ໄດ້​. ມັນ​ເປັນ masterwork ຂອງ Vincenzo Dantis ຈາກ 1571. Lorenzo Ghiberti [ດັດ​ແກ້​] ປະ​ຕູ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​, ຫຼື​ປະ​ຕູ​ຮົ້ວ​ຂອງ​ຄໍາ​ຂວັນ​ນີ້​, ໂດຍ Lorenzo Ghiberti ໃນ 1401​, ການ​ແຂ່ງ​ຂັນ​ໄດ້​ປະ​ກາດ​ໂດຍ​ສິ di Calimala (Cloth ນໍາ​ເຂົ້າ​ເອ​ກະ​ສານ​ອ້າງ​) ໃນ​ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ​ປະ​ຕູ​ຊຶ່ງ​ໃນ​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ຈະ​ເປັນ ວາງ​ໄວ້​ໃນ​ເບື້ອງ​ເຫນືອ​ຂອງ baptistry ໄດ້​. (ສະ​ຖານ​ທີ່​ຕົ້ນ​ສະ​ບັບ​ສໍາ​ລັບ​ປະ​ຕູ​ເຫຼົ່າ​ນີ້​ແມ່ນ​ເບື້ອງ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​ຂອງ baptistry​, ແຕ່​ປະ​ຕູ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ຍ້າຍ​ໄປ​ຢູ່​ທາງ​ພາກ​ເຫນືອ​ຂອງ baptistry ຫຼັງ​ຈາກ Ghiberti ສໍາ​ເລັດ​ການ​ຄະ​ນະ​ກໍາ​ມະ​ທີ​ສອງ​ຂອງ​ຕົນ​, ເປັນ​ທີ່​ຮູ້​ຈັກ​ເປັນ "ປະ​ຕູ​ຮົ້ວ​ຂອງ​ສະ​ຫວັນ​.​"​) [6​] ເຫຼົ່າ​ນີ້​ປະ​ຕູ​ເຫນືອ ຈະ​ຮັບ​ໃຊ້​ເປັນ​ເຄື່ອງ​ບູ​ຊາ votive ທີ່​ຈະ​ສະ​ເຫຼີມ​ສະ​ຫຼອງ sparing ຂອງ Florence ຈາກ scourge ທີ່​ຜ່ານ​ມາ​ຂ້ອນ​ຂ້າງ​ເຊັ່ນ​: ການ​ເສຍ​ຊີ​ວິດ​ສີ​ດໍາ​ໃນ 1348. ຈໍາ​ນວນ​ຫຼາຍ​ຕັດ​ສິນ​ການ​ແຂ່ງ​ຂັນ​ສໍາ​ລັບ​ຄະ​ນະ​ກໍາ​ມະ​ການ​ນີ້​ແລະ jury ທີ່​ເລືອກ​ເຈັດ semifinalists​. ເຂົ້າ​ຮອບ​ສຸດ​ທ້າຍ​ເຫຼົ່າ​ນີ້​ລວມ​ມີ Lorenzo Ghiberti​, Filippo Brunelleschi​, Donatello ແລະ Jacopo della Quercia​, [7​] ກັບ 21 ປີ​ອາ​ຍຸ Ghiberti ຊະ​ນະ​ຄະ​ນະ​ກໍາ​ມະ​ການ​. ທີ່​ໃຊ້​ເວ​ລາ​ຂອງ​ການ​ຕັດ​ສິນ​ໄດ້​, ມີ​ພຽງ​ແຕ່ Ghiberti ແລະ Brunelleschi ໄດ້​ເຂົ້າ​ຮອບ​ສຸດ​ທ້າຍ​, ແລະ​ໃນ​ເວ​ລາ​ຜູ້​ພິ​ພາກ​ສາ​ທີ່​ບໍ່​ສາ​ມາດ​ຕັດ​ສິນ​ໃຈ​, ພວກ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ມອບ​ຫມາຍ​ໃຫ້​ເຮັດ​ວຽກ​ຮ່ວມ​ກັນ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ພວກ​ເຂົາ​. ຄວາມ​ພາກ​ພູມ​ໃຈ Brunelleschi ຂອງ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ໃນ​ວິ​ທີ​ທາງ​ການ​, ແລະ​ພຣະ​ອົງ​ໄດ້​ໄປ​ຫາ Rome ເພື່ອ​ສຶກ​ສາ​ສະ​ຖາ​ປັດ​ຕະ​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້ Ghiberti ເຮັດ​ວຽກ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ປະ​ຕູ​ຂອງ​ຕົນ​ເອງ​. autobiography Ghiberti ຂອງ​, ຢ່າງ​ໃດ​ກໍ​ຕາມ​, ອ້າງ​ວ່າ​ເຂົາ​ໄດ້​ຊະ​ນະ​, "ໂດຍ​ບໍ່​ມີ​ສຽງ​ຄັດ​ຄ້ານ​ດຽວ​.​" ການ​ອອກ​ແບບ​ຕົ້ນ​ສະ​ບັບ​ຂອງ​ການ​ເສຍ​ສະ​ລະ​ຂອງ​ອີ​ຊາກ​ໂດຍ Ghiberti ແລະ Brunelleschi ແມ່ນ​ການ​ສະ​ແດງ​ໃນ​ພິ​ພິ​ທະ​ພັນ​ຂອງ Bargello ໄດ້​. ມັນ​ໄດ້ Ghiberti 21 ປີ​ໃຫ້​ສໍາ​ເລັດ​ໃນ​ປະ​ຕູ​ເຫຼົ່າ​ນີ້​. ເຫຼົ່າ​ນີ້​ປະ​ຕູ​ທອງ​ແດງ​ທອງ​ປະ​ກອບ​ດ້ວຍ​ຫມູ່​ຄະ​ນະ​ຊາວ​ແປດ​ກັບ​ຊາວ​ຫມູ່​ຄະ​ນະ​ມົນ​ຊີ​ວິດ​ຂອງ​ພຣະ​ຄຣິດ​ໃນ​ພຣະ​ສັນ​ຍາ​ໃຫມ່​. ແປດ​ຫມູ່​ຄະ​ນະ​ຕ​່​ໍ​າ​ສະ​ແດງ​ໃຫ້​ເຫັນ​ສີ່ evangelists ແລະ​ພໍ່​ສາດ​ສະ​ຫນາ​ຈັກ Saint Ambrose​, Saint Jerome​, Saint Gregory ແລະ Saint Augustine​. ຫມູ່​ຄະ​ນະ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ອ້ອມ​ຮອບ​ດ້ວຍ​ຂອບ​ຂອງ​ໃບ​ເຕົ້າ​ໂຮມ​ກັນ​ໃນ​ກໍ​ລະ​ນີ​ທີ່​ປະ​ຕູ​ແລະ​ແຕກ gilded ຂອງ​ສາດ​ສະ​ດາ​ແລະ Sibylle ທີ່​ຕັດ​ກັນ​ຂອງ​ຫມູ່​ຄະ​ນະ​ໄດ້​. ການ​ຕິດ​ຕັ້ງ​ເບື້ອງ​ຕົ້ນ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ເບື້ອງ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​, ຢູ່​ໃນ​ສະ​ຖານ​ທີ່​ຂອງ​ປະ​ຕູ Pisano ຂອງ​, ພວກ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ຍ້າຍ​ມາ​ຂ້າງ​ພາກ​ເຫນືອ​. ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ອະ​ທິ​ບາຍ​ໂດຍ​ການ​ປະ​ຫວັດ​ສາດ​ສິນ​ລະ​ປະ Antonio Paolucci (it​) ວ່າ "ກໍ​ລະ​ນີ​ທີ່​ສໍາ​ຄັນ​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ໃນ​ປະ​ຫວັດ​ສາດ​ຂອງ​ສິ​ລະ​ປະ Florentine ໃນ​ໄຕ​ມາດ​ທໍາ​ອິດ​ຂອງ​ສະ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ທີ 15​"​. [8​] ສະ​ຖາ​ນະ​ພາບ bronze ໃນ​ໄລ​ຍະ​ປະ​ຕູ​ຮົ້ວ​ຂອງ​ພາກ​ເຫນືອ​ແດງ John Baptist ໄດ້​ປະ​ກາດ​ທີ່​ຈະ ເປັນ​ພວກ​ຟາ​ຣີ​ຊາຍ​ແລະ​ພວກ​ຊາ​ດູ​ກາຍ​. ພວກ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ໄດ້​ແກະ​ສະ​ຫລັກ