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CAPITAL STRUCTUREBoth theory and empirical evidence indicate that the capital structures of multinationalcompanies differ from those of purely domestic firms. Furthermore, differencesare observed among the capital structures of MNCs domiciled in variouscountries. Several factors tend to influence the capital structures of MNCs.International Capital MarketsMNCs, unlike smaller, domestic firms, have access to the Euromarket (discussedearlier) and the variety of financial instruments available there. Because of theiraccess to the international bond and equity markets, MNCs may have lowerlong-term financing costs, which result in differences between the capital structuresof MNCs and those of purely domestic companies. Similarly, MNCs basedin different countries and regions may have access to different currencies andmarkets, resulting in variances in capital structures for these multinationals.International DiversificationIt is well established that MNCs can achieve furtherrisk reduction in their cash flows by diversifying internationally. Internationaldiversification may lead to varying degrees of debt versus equity. Empirically, theevidence on debt ratios is mixed. Some studies have found MNCs’ debt proportionsto be higher than those of domestic firms. Other studies have concluded theopposite, citing imperfections in certain foreign markets, political risk factors,and complexities in the international financial environment that cause higheragency costs of debt for MNCs.
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