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A process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by packaging into transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin. As female mammals have two X chromosomes, X inactivation causes them not to have twice as many x chromosome gene products as males, which only possess a. single copy of the X chromosome (see dosage compensation) The choice of which X chromosome will be inactivated random in placental mammals such as mice and humans, but once an X chromosome is inactivated it will remain inactive throughout the lifetime of the cell and its descendants in the organism hui Unlike the random X-inactivation in placental mammals, inactivation in marsupials applies exclusively to the paternally derived X chromosome.
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