EquipmentsCadmium, Fe, Pb, and Zn c

Equipments

Cadmium, Fe, Pb, and Zn contents were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer (Spectra AA640, Varian, Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia), equipped with a deuterium lamp for background radiation correction. The determina- tions were made under the conditions (wavelength, slit, and
lamp current) reported in Table 1. In all cases, an oxidizing- air (13.5 L/min) acetylene (2.0 L/min) flame was used. Iron and Zn were determined by using the spectrometer in the conventional flame mode (flame atomic absorption spec- trometry [FAAS]), and Cd and Pb were determined by using thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spec- trometry (TS-FF-AAS; Gáspár and Berndt 2000). The TS- FF-AAS main characteristics are depicted in Fig. 1. In this technique, a Ni tube is placed above an air/acetylene flame, and the sample is directly introduced into this tube (see detail in Fig. 1). By using this procedure, total sample introduction, long residence time, and good sensitivity (Pereira-Filho et al. 2002) can be achieved. For the sample preparation, optimization was achieved by using an ultrasound batch (AquaWave 9374, Barnstead International, Dubuque, IA, USA), a vortex (37600 Mixer, Thermolyne, Dubuque, IA, USA), a centrifuge (Hermle Z200A, Labnet, Edson, NJ, USA), an analytical balance (AS200, Ohaus, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil), and a microwave oven (Ethos 1, Milestone, Sorisole, Bergamo, Italy).

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Peralatan

Cadmium, Fe, Pb, dan isinya Zn ditentukan dengan menggunakan spektrometer serapan atom (Spectra AA640, Varian, Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia), dilengkapi dengan lampu deuterium untuk koreksi radiasi latar belakang. Tions determinasi dibuat di bawah kondisi (panjang gelombang, celah, dan
arus lampu) dilaporkan dalam Tabel 1. Dalam semua kasus, udara oxidizing- (13,5 L / min) asetilena (2,0 L / min) api yang digunakan. Besi dan Zn ditentukan dengan menggunakan spektrometer dalam modus api konvensional (flame serapan atom alamiah lainnya trometry [FAAS]), dan Cd dan Pb ditentukan dengan menggunakan thermospray api tungku serapan atom alamiah lainnya trometry (TS-FF-AAS; Gaspar dan Berndt 2000). The TS- FF-AAS karakteristik utama digambarkan pada Gambar. 1. Dalam teknik ini, sebuah tabung Ni ditempatkan di atas udara / api acetylene, dan sampel langsung diperkenalkan ke dalam tabung ini (lihat detail pada Gambar. 1). Dengan menggunakan prosedur ini, pengenalan sampel total, waktu tinggal yang lama, dan sensitivitas yang baik (Pereira-Filho et al. 2002) dapat tercapai. Untuk persiapan sampel, optimasi dicapai dengan menggunakan batch ultrasound (AquaWave 9374, Barnstead Internasional, Dubuque, IA, USA), pusaran (37600 Mixer, Thermolyne, Dubuque, IA, USA), sebuah centrifuge (Hermle Z200A, Labnet, Edson, NJ, USA), keseimbangan analitis (AS200, Ohaus, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil), dan oven microwave (Ethos 1, Milestone, Sorisole, Bergamo, Italia).