Factbox: What happens in a U.S. gov

Factbox: What happens in a U.S. government shutdown?



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September 18, 2013 6:39 PM
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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Democrats and Republicans in the U.S. Congress are waging a budget battle that threatens a government shutdown on October 1 unless lawmakers reach a compromise on a federal spending measure.

The last shutdowns occurred during the budget battle between the Republican-controlled Congress and President Bill Clinton in late 1995. Much of the federal government was closed for five days in November 1995 and then from mid-December 1995 to early January 1996.

Many U.S. agencies also made preparations ahead of a threatened shutdown in 2011, and on Tuesday the Office of Management and Budget said agencies should update their contingency plans.

Here is what the public might expect if the federal government is forced into a partial shutdown:

FEDERAL WORKERS

Employees in all three branches of government are vulnerable to furlough, or temporary unpaid leave, although each agency makes its own final decisions, according to a report last month by the Congressional Research Service.

However, some high-level employees, such as the president and presidential appointees, are not subject to furlough. Other so-called "essential" workers must work during a shutdown, some with and others without pay.

For example, exempt workers include those whose work is critical for national security or public health and safety, such as air traffic controllers and border security agents, according to federal guidance.

Affected workers may be able to receive pay retroactively, as has happened after past shutdowns, but such payments are not guaranteed, CRS staff said.

About 800,000 federal workers were furloughed in November 1995; the next month, nearly 300,000 were furloughed and another nearly 500,000 worked without pay.

Federal contractors are also likely to be affected. In the last shutdown, more than 20 percent of federal contracts, or nearly $4 billion, were involved, researchers said.

Members of Congress cannot be furloughed, according to CRS.

PUBLIC SAFETY

For the most part, services to protect the public should be the least affected by furlough, although workers could still face "no pay" status.

Guidelines direct federal agencies to continue police work and criminal investigations and operate prisons, according to CRS. Work to care for critical patients, oversee food and drug safety, and protect federal research laboratories is also considered essential.

FEDERAL BENEFITS

The impact on the Social Security and Medicare entitlement programs is unclear. Delays could be seen in processing new claims, congressional researchers said. In the last shutdown, the Social Security Administration initially kept fewer than 5,000 workers on the job out of more than 66,000 workers. The agency then had to call back nearly 50,000 workers to provide critical services, CRS said.

Military veterans could also see delays in processing of benefits as well as service cuts affecting health, income, travel and more, according to the research service.

CRIME AND COURTS

The U.S. judicial branch is likely to continue to operate for a period of time using various fees it receives. Judges, key court staff and probation officers would not be furloughed, although each court would determine its own staffing needs.

Supreme Court justices and other critical federal judges would be paid while other essential staff would not, CRS said. Most federal courts "generally operated with limited disruption" during the 1995-1996 shutdown, it added. Still, thousands of bankruptcy and delinquent child support cases were delayed.

Federal work related to the nation's banking system and the U.S. Treasury, such as borrowing and tax collection, are also deemed critical and likely to be exempted, according to federal guidelines.

TOURISM AND TRAVEL

Tens of thousands of Americans' passport applications could go unprocessed along with visa applications from foreigners seeking to visit the United States, which will affect airlines and other related industries.

Hundreds of National Park Service sites could close temporarily along with national monuments and museums, losing millions of visitors. Such closures can also impact neighboring communities and businesses that depend on tourism.

HEALTH

In the last shutdown, the National Institutes of Health stopped enrolling new patients into clinical trials and shut down disease hotlines, CRS said. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which monitors foodborne illnesses and other outbreaks, also halted surveillance, it added.

GOVERNMENT DATA

Some U.S. economic data would likely be delayed. During the 2011 budget battles, a U.S. official said no data from the Commerce Department or from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which handles the closely watched monthly employment report, would be released in the event of a shutdown.

(Reporting by Susan Heavey; Editing by Karey Van Hall and Jackie Frank)



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Results (English) 2:

资料库：在美国政府关闭时会发生什么？



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2013年9月18日下午6:39
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华盛顿（路透社）-在美国国会中的民主党人和共和党人正在进行的预算之争，威胁政府关闭十月一日，除非国会在联邦开支的措施达成妥协。

1995年末，共和党控制的国会和总统比尔克林顿之间的战斗发生在去年关闭的预算。联邦政府的大部分是在十一月关闭1995五天，然后从十二月中旬至一月上旬的1996 1995。

许多美国机构还准备提前一个威胁关闭2011，上星期二，管理和预算办公室表示，机构应不断更新他们的应急计划。

这里是公众可能如果联邦政府被迫部分关闭预计：

联邦工人

员工在所有政府的三个分支是脆弱的休假，或暂时的无薪假期，虽然每个机构自己做最后的决定，根据上个月的国会研究服务报告。

然而，一些高级雇员，如总统及总统任命的，不受休假。其他所谓的“必要”的工人必须在停工，一些别人没有薪水。

为例，豁免的人员包括那些工作是国家安全或公共健康和安全的关键，如空中交通管制和边境安全代理，根据联邦政府的指导。

受影响的工人可以获得补发，如过去发生后关闭，但这样也不能保证付款，

CRS的工作人员说。约800，000十一月，联邦工作人员休假1995；下个月，近300000人下岗，另有近500000过没有报酬的工作。

联邦承包商也可能受到影响。在上次关机，超过联邦合同百分之20，研究人员说，或近4000000000美元，参与，
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国会成员不能被解雇，根据

CRS。对于大部分公共安全

，保护公共服务应该是受影响最小的休假，尽管工人们仍将面临“无报酬”的地位。

指南直接的联邦机构继续警察工作和刑事调查和管理监狱，据CRS。的工作来照顾危重病人，监督食品和药品安全，和保护联邦研究实验室也被认为是必要的。

联邦福利

对社会保障和医疗保险福利计划的影响尚不清楚。延迟可能在处理新的主张，国会人员说。在上次关机，社会安全局最初不少于5000的工人在工作的66000多名工人。CRS说机构不得不收回近50000的工人提供关键性的服务，
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退伍军人也可以看到延迟处理的好处以及削减服务影响健康，收入，旅游等等，根据研究服务。

犯罪和法院

美国司法部门很可能继续运行一段时间使用各种费用，它接收。法官，关键的法院工作人员和实习人员不会被解雇，虽然每个法院将决定自己的工作人员的需要。

最高法院法官和其他重要的联邦法官将支付的同时，其他必要的工作人员不会说，CRS。大多数联邦法院的“一般操作与有限的中断”1995-1996年关闭期间，它增加了。仍然，破产犯罪儿童支持数千例延迟。

联邦工作关系到国家的银行系统和美国财政部，如贷款和税收，也被视为关键和可能被豁免，根据联邦指导方针。

旅游

的美国护照申请会随着成千上万的外国人访问美国的签证申请未加工的，这将影响到航空公司和其他相关产业。

数以百计的国家公园服务的网站，可以暂时关闭，随着国家纪念碑和博物馆，失去数以百万计的游客。这样的倒闭也会影响邻近的社区和企业，依靠旅游业。

健康

在上次关机，国立卫生研究院停止招收患者进入临床试验和关闭疾病咨询热线，CRS说。美国疾病控制和预防中心，监测食源性疾病等疫情，也停止监视，它补充说。

政府数据

一些美国经济数据可能会延迟。在2011预算之争，一位美国官员说，没有数据来自商务部或由劳动统计局的数据，处理受到密切关注的月度就业报告，将在关闭时释放。

（苏珊重；报告由凯利Van Hall和杰基弗兰克编辑）



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