Criterion 1: research design
4. Randomized intervention and control group, with pre-test and post-test
3. Non-randomized intervention and control group, with pre-test and post-test
2. No control group, with pre-test and post-test, with multiple replications
1. No control group, with pre-test and post-test, with no replication
+1. Intervention and control group are equivalent at baseline
Criterion 2: sample representativeness, sample size, and power estimation
Representativeness
2. Cohort of target population with N90% participation rate AND limited or justified exclusionary criteria
1. Cohort of target population with N80% participation rate AND broad or questionable exclusionary criteria
0. Convenience sample OR b 79% participation rate of target population
Sample size/power estimation
2. Sample size per group (n N 200) AND power = 0.80 AND effect size estimates
1. Sample size per group (n = 100 to 199) AND no power or effect size estimates
0. Sample size per group (n = b49)
+1. Initial cohort of N90% eligible participants with b20% participant attrition
Criterion 3: specification of population characteristics
4. Comprehensive replicable demographic, health, and behavioral assessmentsa AND description of eligible non-participants (refusals)
3. Comprehensive replicable demographic and behavioral assessmentsa AND description of eligible non-participants (refusals)
2. Comprehensive replicable demographic, health, and behavioral assessments
1. Incomplete description of demographic, health, and behavioral assessments
0. No description of demographic, health, or behavioral assessments
Criterion 4: measurement quality
4. Self-report and biochemical measures of smoking status/rate at baseline and endpoint; all participants informed of biochemical test
3. Same as above without mid-point or participants not informed by biochemical test
2. Same as above but no mid-point or end of intervention observation
1. Self-report only, with repeated measures
0. Self-report only
Criterion 5: appropriateness and replicability of intervention
Appropriateness
2. Treatment and control procedures meet accepted medical and clinical standards + standard quit smoking advice + does not interfere with needed outside treatment
referral; no hypothetically inert or attention placebo control used or proffered as effective
1. Only pre-tested and/or clinically promising, safe treatments offered (e.g. educational–behavioral versus Information only)
0. Minimal standard of medical care compromised
Replicability
2. Treatment and control procedures standardized and operationalized (ideally content, duration, timing, therapist credentials and training specified + standardized
manuals and patient education materials available for distribution) + therapist and patient compliance with treatment monitored
1. Treatment or control procedures are variable or incompletely described or monitored
0. Treatment or control procedures not standardized or replicable
+1. Content/format of treatment tailored specifically to adolescents
a Recommended minimum data: age, race, smoking rate, mental health, and physical health.