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MALAYSIA has a population of 24 million. In the period 1986 to June 2005,
the number of recorded HIV patients was 63,438 while AIDS patients numbered
10,044. Recorded AIDS deaths were 7,673. There are already 15,000
children orphaned by AIDS in the country.
The World Health Organization in June 2005 warned that an HIV epidemic is
knocking on Malaysia’s door1. The figures, according to health authorities and
NGOs, are a conservative estimate.
The budget in 2003 for pharmaceutical drugs of the Malaysian Ministry of Health
(MOH) was USD 193.6 million, of which USD 3.6 million was for antiretroviral
drugs (ARVs). Since prices of ARVs are high, and about 75% of the HIV positive
persons are intravenous drug users who largely cannot afford treatment, the
MOH was faced with the challenge of increasing access to affordable ARVs.
In facing the challenges of HIV/AIDS through the provision of antiretroviral
drugs, the MOH underwent an experience that may be useful for other developing
countries.
At the initiative of the MOH, in 2003, Malaysia became the first country to
issue a compulsory licence following the adoption of the Doha Declaration on
the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health by the 2001 Ministerial Conference of
the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
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