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Epoxidation and subsequent oxirane ring opening is a common method to prepare polyolsfrom vegetable oil using ring opening agents, such as alcohols, inorganic acids, andhydrogenation for ring opening7-11. However, most of ring opening agents in the past werederived from petroleum, and as a result, the polyols were only partially composed of biorenewablematerails. Currently, several research groups dedicate considerable effort to thedevelopment of 100% bio-polyols for PUs. For example, Kiatsimkul12 prepared high hydroxylequivalent weight polyols from epoxidized soybean oils that were ring opened by linoleic acid(LA), ricinoleic acid (RC), or ricinoleic acid estolide without catalysts. Our group developedpolyols by ring-addition of epoxidized soybean oil and castor oil fatty acid using asolvent/catalyst free method13. However, the reactions were conducted at high temperatures(approx. 170 oC) and with long cycle times (approx. 8 hours), which not only increased the costof preparation, but also promoted side reactions. One approach to overcome these issues is theuse of amine catalysts for the ring opening reaction. Pan9reported the use of DBU as catalyst inpolyols preparation from epoxidized sucrose esters of soybean oil ring-opened by several organicacids. Matharu14 synthesized thermosetting resins from epoxidized linseed oil and bio-deriveddiacid crosslinker with different amine catalysts and reported that 4-demethylaminopydine aidedcrosslinking between the epoxy and the carboxylic groups, followed by etherification. But few 59researchers systematically investigated the reaction kinetics of the ring opening reaction betweenepoxidized vegetable oils and the ring-opening agents, and the effects of amine catalysts on thepreparation of polyols for polyurethanes are still not fully understood.
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