Microorganisms: The microorganisms

Microorganisms: The microorganisms used included: Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were obtained from Microbiological Resource Center MIRCIN, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Assay for the antifungal effects of the neem leaves and seeds organic extract: To assay the antifungal effects of the organic extracts of neem leaves and seeds using tested microorganisms, measurement of radial growth of the used organisms were made following the technique of Phasuda and Varipat (2007) and Nwachukwu and Umechuruba (2001). The in vitro tests were carried out to measure the effects of the leaf extracts on radial growth of the seed-borne fungi. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was used in this study. To every 15 mL of sterile potato dextrose agar medium in Petri dishes, 5 mL of either crude or aqueous extract of each plant sample were added. The solution in each Petri dish was gently swirled and allowed to solidify. The extract-amended medium in the Petri dishes were inoculated each alone at the centre with 5 mm inoculum- disc of each test fungus and incubated at 25±2°C for 14 days. The medium with inoculums disc but without any extract served as control. Percentage inhibition of mycelial growth by the leaf extracts was calculated using the formula:

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Mikroorganisme: Mikroorganisme yang digunakan termasuk: Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani dan Sclerotinia sclerotiorum diperoleh dari mikrobiologi Resource Center MIRCIN, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Ain Shams, Kairo, Mesir. Assay untuk efek antijamur daun nimba dan biji organik ekstrak: Untuk assay efek antijamur dari ekstrak organik dari daun neem dan biji menggunakan mikroorganisme diuji, pengukuran pertumbuhan radial dari organisme yang digunakan dibuat mengikuti teknik Phasuda dan Varipat (2007) dan Nwachukwu dan Umechuruba (2001). The tes in vitro dilakukan untuk mengukur pengaruh ekstrak daun terhadap pertumbuhan radial dari jamur terbawa benih. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Untuk setiap 15 mL kentang steril media dextrose agar dalam cawan Petri, 5 mL baik ekstrak kasar atau berair dari masing-masing sampel tanaman ditambahkan. Solusi dalam setiap hidangan Petri diaduk perlahan dan diizinkan untuk memantapkan. Medium ekstrak-diubah dalam cawan Petri diinokulasi setiap sendirian di tengah dengan 5 mm disc inoculum- setiap jamur uji dan diinkubasi pada 25 ± 2 ° C selama 14 hari. Medium dengan inokulum disc tapi tanpa ekstrak apapun menjabat sebagai kontrol. Penghambatan persentase pertumbuhan miselium dengan ekstrak daun dihitung dengan rumus: