2. BisphosphonatesBisphosphonates are first-line therapy for osteoporo translation - 2. BisphosphonatesBisphosphonates are first-line therapy for osteoporo Indonesian how to say

2. BisphosphonatesBisphosphonates a

2. Bisphosphonates
Bisphosphonates are first-line therapy for osteoporosis owing to their established efficacy in preventing hip and vertebral fractures.They are also the most commonly prescribed therapy for osteoporosis. They decrease bone resorption by binding to the bone matrix and inhibiting osteoclast activity. They remain in the bone for a prolonged period and are released very slowly. These effects increase bone mineral density. Several bisphosphonates are available currently, including alendronate, etidronate, ibandronate, pamidronate, risedronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid. Alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate are oral agents approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in osteoporosis. Table 53–7 contains comparative dosing and cost information for the bisphosphonates. In placebo-controlled clinical trials, alendronate, ibandronate, and risedronate increased bone mineral density by up to 5% to 8% in the lumbar spine and up to 3% to 5% in the hip.
Additional data suggest that bone mineral density continues to increase with long-term therapy of 7 to 10 years. Although increases in bone mineral density have been reported at other sites, most of the clinically significant fractures occur in the hip or spine, and these sites have become clinically important measures in the trials. These increases in bone mineral density are an important marker of treatment effects and are related to the benefits found in larger trials of decreased fracture risk. Large, well-designed trials have proven the benefits of bisphosphonate therapy in preventing vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. Several studies have found decreases in vertebral fracture risk by as much as 40% to 50% with alendronate and risedronate. Data suggest a similar reduction with ibandronate on vertebral fractures. Alendronate and risedronate decrease the incidence of hip and nonvertebral fractures as well.
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2. BisphosphonatesBisphosphonates are first-line therapy for osteoporosis owing to their established efficacy in preventing hip and vertebral fractures.They are also the most commonly prescribed therapy for osteoporosis. They decrease bone resorption by binding to the bone matrix and inhibiting osteoclast activity. They remain in the bone for a prolonged period and are released very slowly. These effects increase bone mineral density. Several bisphosphonates are available currently, including alendronate, etidronate, ibandronate, pamidronate, risedronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid. Alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate are oral agents approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in osteoporosis. Table 53–7 contains comparative dosing and cost information for the bisphosphonates. In placebo-controlled clinical trials, alendronate, ibandronate, and risedronate increased bone mineral density by up to 5% to 8% in the lumbar spine and up to 3% to 5% in the hip.Additional data suggest that bone mineral density continues to increase with long-term therapy of 7 to 10 years. Although increases in bone mineral density have been reported at other sites, most of the clinically significant fractures occur in the hip or spine, and these sites have become clinically important measures in the trials. These increases in bone mineral density are an important marker of treatment effects and are related to the benefits found in larger trials of decreased fracture risk. Large, well-designed trials have proven the benefits of bisphosphonate therapy in preventing vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. Several studies have found decreases in vertebral fracture risk by as much as 40% to 50% with alendronate and risedronate. Data suggest a similar reduction with ibandronate on vertebral fractures. Alendronate and risedronate decrease the incidence of hip and nonvertebral fractures as well.
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2. Bifosfonat
Bifosfonat terapi lini pertama untuk osteoporosis karena keberhasilan mereka didirikan dalam mencegah pinggul dan fractures.They tulang belakang juga terapi yang paling sering diresepkan untuk osteoporosis. Mereka menurunkan resorpsi tulang dengan mengikat matriks tulang dan menghambat aktivitas osteoklas. Mereka tetap di tulang dalam waktu lama dan dilepaskan sangat lambat. Efek ini meningkatkan densitas mineral tulang. Beberapa bifosfonat tersedia saat ini, termasuk alendronate, etidronate, ibandronate, pamidronat, risedronate, tiludronat, dan asam zoledronic. Alendronate, risedronate, dan ibandronate adalah obat oral disetujui oleh Amerika Serikat Food and Drug Administration (FDA) untuk digunakan dalam osteoporosis. Tabel 53-7 berisi informasi dosis dan biaya komparatif untuk bifosfonat. Dalam uji coba terkontrol plasebo klinis, alendronate, ibandronate, dan risedronate meningkatkan densitas mineral tulang hingga 5% sampai 8% di tulang belakang lumbar dan sampai 3% sampai 5% di pinggul.
Data tambahan menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan mineral tulang terus meningkat dengan terapi jangka panjang 7 sampai 10 tahun. Meskipun peningkatan kepadatan mineral tulang telah dilaporkan di situs lain, sebagian besar patah tulang klinis yang signifikan terjadi pada pinggul atau tulang belakang, dan situs-situs tersebut telah menjadi klinis langkah-langkah penting dalam uji coba. Peningkatan ini kepadatan mineral tulang adalah penanda penting dari efek pengobatan dan terkait dengan manfaat yang ditemukan dalam uji lebih besar dari risiko patah tulang menurun. Besar, percobaan yang dirancang dengan baik telah membuktikan manfaat dari terapi bifosfonat dalam mencegah patah tulang belakang dan nonvertebral. Beberapa studi telah menemukan penurunan risiko patah tulang vertebra sebanyak 40% sampai 50% dengan alendronate dan risedronate. Data menyarankan pengurangan serupa dengan ibandronate pada patah tulang belakang. Alendronate dan risedronate menurunkan kejadian pinggul dan nonvertebral patah tulang juga.
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