Podle údajů světové banky (2005) ži

Podle údajů světové banky (2005) žije téměř 200 milionů lidí mimo zemi, kde se narodili nebo jejíž občanství nesou, což představuje zhruba 3 % světové populace. Obecně jsou za hlavní příčiny zahraniční migrace považovány velké disproporce v bohatství jednotlivých oblastí, rozdíly v míře demokracie a politické stabilitě (Drbohlav, 2001 ). Situaci střetávání příslušníků různých národů bychom mohli snadno banalizovat s poukazem na to, že se vlastně nejedná o nic nového. O stěhování národů se přece mluví už v Bibli, vždyť útěk Židů z Egypta bychom mohli snadno přirovnat k útěku Bosňáků, Srbů, Albánců a dalších uprchlíků z bývalé Jugoslávie. Lidí, kteří ve válce přišli o vše a ve strachu o své životy a životy svých blízkých se rozhodli raději odejít ze země. Ovšem systém "národů" jako politických útvarů (států), do nichž je rozdělen svět a zároveň lidé, nemá až tak dávnou historii (Hofstede a Hofstede, 2007). Nemigrují jen lidé žijící pod hrozbou válečného konfliktu nebo v tvrdém diktátorském režimu. Svět se "zmenšil" díky novým informačním technologiím. Informace o jiném, pro nás lepším místě k žití získáme velmi snadno. Ke zvýšení mobility obyvatelstva došlo i vlivem dalších faktorů, dostupností letecké dopravy, vznikem nadnárodních organizací politických i ekonomických. Na zvýšeném evropském migračním toku má nemalý podíl pád komunistických vlád, který znamenal uvolnění hranic pro celý postsovětský evropský blok. A tak po letech, kdy postkomunistické země střední Evropy představovaly výchozí (emigrační) země, se staly zeměmi tranzitními a cílovými. Dalším citelným problémem celé Evropské unie i ostatního "vyspělého" světa je stárnutí obyvatelstva a s tím související nedostatek lidí na trhu práce. Řešení hledají tyto země ve výběrové pracovní migraci, vládních projektech zaměřených na nábor pracovní síly v zahraničí, ve vydávání tzv. zelených karet apod. Jednotlivé státy se snaží o regulaci zaměstnávání migrantů, kdy hledají hranici mezi ochranou vnitřního pracovního trhu a uspokojením poptávky po levné a přizpůsobivé zahraniční pracovní síle. A jak to vypadá v České republice? Obyvatelstvo našeho státu je dnes až neuvěřitelně národnostně a rasově homogenní. Příčina tkví v nedávné minulosti: holocaust, odsun Němců ze Sudet, 40 let izolace země za 7 komunismu a rozdělení Československa na dva samostatné státy. V důsledku všech těchto změn se česká republika stala národnostně homogenním státem. Menšiny v ČR činí pouhé 4% obyvatelstva. Situace se však mění. Jak se stabilizuje naše ekonomika a politická situace, získáváme i na imigrační přitažlivosti. Reakce "starousedlíků" na imigranty je různá, od lhostejnosti a nezájmu až po nepřátelské výpady. Mezi majoritním obyvatelstvem české republiky panuje neinformovanost, o problému imigrantů se moc nemluví, a pokud ano, tak spíše v černé kronice. Z běžných reakcí české populace, které se objevují v médiích, i z výzkumů na toto téma lze usuzovat na to, že obecně Češi mají problémy s přijímáním cizinců. Na vrub cizinců je připisována spousta negativních jevů ve společnosti od rostoucí kriminality, mafiánství až po zabírání pracovních míst majoritě (Rabušic, Burjánek, 2003). Vzhledem k povrchní a zkreslené informovanosti většinové populace o způsobu života imigrantů v naší zemi, o kladech a záporech migrace pro hostitelský stát, není divu, že se v českém prostředí objevují pocity ohrožení založené především na iracionálním strachu z neznámého. Proč jsem si vybrala právě téma adaptace na jinou kulturu? Jmenuji se Oxana, moje jméno je modifikací řeckého jména Xenie, které lze přeložit jako "cizí", jestliže budeme odvozovat z řeckého slova xenos nebo také jako "milující hosty" v případě, že budeme odvozovat z přídavného jména xenois. Pokud pomineme nomen amen, tak mou vnitřní motivací je osobní zkušenost. Jsem z druhé generace polovičních imigrantů (slovensko-ukrajinských). Tak jsem získala určitou "citlivost" k vnímání chování, jednání lidí z různých kultur a k vnímání případných nedorozumění, která z takového setkání mohou vyplynout. Imigrant nebo cizinec? Na začátku své práce jsem řešila, jak příchozí nazývat. Nejčastěji užívám názvu imigrant, poněvadž cizinec mi evokuje i poněkud jiné významy- cizinec ve vlastním bytě, ve vlastní rodině apod., a je spojen s určitou negativní konotací. Imigrant se mi jeví být neutrálním pojmenováním. Názvu "cizinec" užívám nejčastěji v případě popisu české legislativy, která zná pouze tento pojem, případně ve smyslu označení cizince jako "ne vlastního". 8 Na začátku naší společné cesty si vymezíme pojmy a procesy jako kultura, hodnotový systém, fáze adaptace, copingové strategie, předsudky a stereotypy až dojdeme k pohledu na Čechy, jako majoritní populaci a ke stručné charakteristice jednotlivých národnostních menšin u nás. V empirické části si po stanovení cílů výzkumu a popisu použitých metod, provedeme analýzu získaných dat a na závěr si shrneme výsledky.

Results (English) 1:

According to the data of the World Bank (2005), nearly 200 million people live outside the country where they were born or whose citizenship they carry, which represents approximately 3% of the world population. They are generally considered the main causes of the migration of large foreign considered disproportion in the wealth of the individual areas, differences in the degree of democracy and political stability (Drbohlav, 2001). The situation of members of different Nations in the past, we could easily banalizovat with by pointing out that it is actually not about anything new. On the migration of Nations is still spoken in the Bible, after the escape of the Jews from Egypt, we could easily be compared to escape the Serbs, Bosniaks, Albanians and other refugees from the former Yugoslavia. People who have lost everything in the war and in fear for their lives and the lives of their loved ones decided to prefer to leave the country. However, the system of "Nations" as the political departments (States) of which is divided the world and while people, does not have such a long history (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2007). Do not migrate only the people living under the threat of war or in hard diktátorském mode. The world has "diminished" due to new information technologies. Information about other, better place for us to live, we obtain very easily. To increase the mobility of the population and the influence of other factors, the availability of air transport, the creation of supranational political and economic organizations. The increased European migration flow has a large share of the fall of the Communist Government, which meant the release of frontiers for the whole of the post-Soviet European block. And so, after years of the post-Communist countries of Central Europe represented the default (emigration) countries have become countries of transit and destination. Another perceived problem throughout the European Union and the rest of the "Advanced" the world's ageing population and the related lack of people on the labour market. The solution they are looking for these countries in labour migration, government projects aimed at recruiting manpower abroad, on the issue of the so-called. green cards, etc. Individual States trying to regulate the employment of migrants, when looking for the border between the protection of the internal labour market and satisfaction of the demand for cheap foreign labor and adaptable. And how it looks in the Czech Republic? The population of our State today is to incredibly nationalist and racially homogeneous. The cause lies in the recent past: the holocaust, Germans from the Sudetenland, 40 years of isolation under communism and 7 Czechoslovakia split into two separate States. As a result of all these changes, the Czech Republic became ethnically homogenous State. Minorities in the Czech Republic is just 4% of the population. However, the situation changes. How to stabilize our economy and political situation, we get on immigration attraction. The response of "some" of the immigrants is different from indifference and disinterest to enemy attacks. Among the majority population of the Czech Republic there is a lack of knowledge about the problem of immigrants do not speak too much, and if so, rather in the obit. From the normal reactions of the Czech population, which appear in the media, as well as from research on this topic suggests that, in General, the Czechs have problems with accepting foreigners. The scores of foreigners is attributed a lot of the negative phenomena in society from the growing crime rate, mafiánství after taking over the jobs of majority (Rabušic, Burjánek, 2003). Due to the shallow and distorted information about the way of life of the majority of the population of immigrants in our country, about the pros and cons of migration for the host State, it is not surprising that in the Czech environment emerging feelings of threat based primarily on the irrational fear of the unknown. Why I chose just the topic of adaptation to another culture? My name is Oxana, my name is a modification of the Greek names of Xenia, which can be translated as "foreign" if we derive from the Greek word xenos or also as "loving guests" in the event that we derive from the adjective xenois. If we leave aside the nomen amen, so my inner motivation is personal experience. I am from the second generation of half immigrants (Slovakia-Ukraine). So I received a "sensitivity" to the perception of the conduct, behaviour of people from different cultures and to the perception of the potential misunderstandings that may result from this meeting. An immigrant or a foreigner? At the beginning of its work, as I dealt with the incoming call. Most often I use the name of an immigrant, as a stranger to me evokes even somewhat different meanings-a stranger in your own apartment, in your own family, etc., and is associated with a certain negative connotations. An immigrant to me appears to be a neutral name. The name of the "alien" I use most often in the case of the description of the Czech legislation, which knows only this term, where applicable, within the meaning of the designation "no foreigners as his own". 8 at the beginning of our common path you designate the concepts and processes, such as culture, value system, stage adaptation, copingové strategy, prejudices and stereotypes when we come to Bohemia, as the majority population and to brief characteristics of individual national minorities. In the empirical part, after the determination of the objectives of the research and a description of the methods used, we perform an analysis of the data obtained and the conclusion will summarize the results of the's.

Results (English) 2:

According to data from the World Bank (2005) lives of almost 200 million people outside the country where they were born or whose citizenship is the responsibility, representing about 3% of world population. Generally, the main causes of international migration considered large disparity in wealth of the different regions, differences in the level of democracy and political stability (Drbohlav, 2001). Clash of the situation of members of different nations, we could easily trivialize, pointing out that it is actually nothing new. The migrations are still talking about it in the Bible, for escape of the Jews from Egypt, we could easily be compared to flee Bosnians, Serbs, Albanians and other refugees from the former Yugoslavia. People in the war lost everything and in fear for their lives and the lives of their loved ones decided instead to leave the country. However, the system "nations" as political units (states) in which the world is divided into people and at the same time, not so ancient history (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2007). They do not migrate a people living under the threat of war or in hard dictatorship. The world has "shrunk" thanks to new information technologies. Information on the other, for us, a better place to live we get very easily. Increased mobility of the population was also due to other factors, the availability of air transport, the emergence of supranational organizations, both political and economic. To increase the European migratory flow has a considerable share of the fall of communist governments, which meant the release of the border for the entire post-Soviet European bloc. So after years of post-communist countries of Central Europe accounted for default (emigration) countries have become countries of transit and destination. Another appreciable concern throughout the European Union and other "advanced" world's aging population and the resulting lack of people in the labor market. Solutions are looking for these countries in a selective labor migration, government projects aimed at recruiting manpower abroad, issuing so-called. Green cards, etc. Individual states are trying to regulate the employment of migrants when looking for the boundary between the protection of the internal labor market and satisfying the demand for cheap and flexible foreign labor. And how it looks in the Czech Republic? The population of our country today is incredibly ethnically and racially homogeneous. The reason is recent history: the Holocaust, the expulsion of Germans from the Sudetenland, 40 years of isolation in 7 countries of communism and the division of Czechoslovakia into two independent states. As a result of all these changes, the Czech Republic became ethnically homogenous state. Minorities in the Czech Republic amounts to only 4% of the population. However, the situation changed. How to stabilize our economy and political situation, as well as to gain an immigration appeal. The reaction of "old-timers" of immigrants varies from indifference and apathy to enemy attacks. Among the major population Czech Republic there is a lack of information about the problem of immigrants will not talk much, and if so, rather in a black chronicle. On the current Czech population responses, which appear in the media, from the research on this topic suggests that the Czechs generally have problems in recruiting foreigners. At the expense of foreigners is attributed to a lot of negative phenomena in society from rising crime, Mafianism to take the jobs the majority (Rabušic, Burjánek, 2003). Due to superficial and distorted awareness of the majority population about the way of life of immigrants in our country, about the pros and cons of migration for the host state, not surprising that in the Czech environment appear distress based primarily on irrational fear of the unknown. Why I chose the topic of adapting to a different culture? My name is Oxana, my name is a modification of the Greek name Xenia, which can be translated as "foreign" if we derive from the Greek word xenos or as a "loving guests" in the event that we derive from the adjective xenois. Ignoring nomen amen, so my internal motivation is personal experience. I am a second-generation immigrants half (Slovak-Ukrainian). So I got some "sensitivity" to the perception of the behavior, the behavior of people from different cultures and perceptions of potential misunderstanding that such a meeting may result. Immigrant or a foreigner? At the beginning of my work I deal with how an incoming call. Most often I use the name of an immigrant, a foreigner because I also evokes a slightly different významy- stranger in my own home, in their own family, etc., And is associated with some negative connotations. Immigrant seems to me to be a neutral designation. The name "foreigner" I use most often when describing the Czech legislation, which only knows the term, or to refer to foreigners as "not self". 8 At the beginning of our journey to define concepts and processes as a culture, value system, stage adaptation, coping strategies, prejudices and stereotypes when we come to look at the Czechs, as the majority population and a brief description of the various ethnic minorities in the country. In the empirical part, after setting goals for research and describe the methods used, we analyze the data obtained, and finally to summarize the results.

Results (English) 3:

according to data from the world bank (2005) has nearly 200 million people out of the country where they were born or whose citizenship is, which represents approximately 3% of the world's population. they are generally the main causes of international migration as the great disparity in wealth of individual areas, the differences in the degree of democracy and political stability (drbohlav, 2001).the situation of an encounter various nations we could easily trivialize, noting that actually it is nothing new. on the migration of peoples to speak in the bible, but the escape of the jews from egypt, we can easily compare to escape bosňáků, serbs, albanians and other refugees from the former yugoslavia. peoplewho in the war lost everything and in fear of their lives and the lives of their loved ones have decided instead to go out of the country. however, the system of "nations" as political units (states), which divided the world and at the same time, people has so long history (hofstede and hofstede, 2007). do not migrate only people living under the threat of war or in violent dictatorship.the world is "shrunk" because of new information technology. information about the other, for us a better place to live is very easily. to increase the mobility of the population, even the influence of other factors, the availability of air transport, the emergence of transnational organizations, political and economic. in the increased migration flow has a considerable share of the european communist governments.which meant all post soviet border for release the block. and then, years later, when the post communist countries of central europe constituted the baseline (immigration) countries have become transit countries and target. another problem for the european union and other severely "advanced" of the world's population aging and the associated lack of people on the labour market.the solution for these countries in the labour migration, governmental projects aimed at the recruitment of labor abroad, in the issue of the so-called. green cards, etc. individual states to regulate the employment of migrants looking for the line between the protection of the internal labour market and the satisfaction of demand for cheap and flexible foreign labour.and what it looks like in the czech republic. the population of our state's ethnically and racially homogeneous remarkably. the cause lies in the recent past: the holocaust, removal of the germans of the sudetenland, 40 years of isolation of the country for 7 of communism and the division of czechoslovakia into two separate states. as a result of all these changes, the czech republic has become a culturally homogeneous state.minorities in the czech republic is a mere 4% of the population. however, the situation changes. how stabilizing our economy and political situation, access to the immigration appeal. reaction "settlers" for immigrants is different from apathy and indifference to enemy attacks. between the majority population in the czech republic, there is ignorance, about the problem of immigrants don't talk much, and if yes,rather, in the black list. from the current response of the czech population, which appear in the media, and the research on this topic suggests that, in general, the czechs have trouble accepting foreigners. the strangers is attributed to a lot of negative phenomena in society from rising crime rates, mafiánství after consuming jobs majoritě (rabušic, burjánek, 2003).due to the shallow and distorted information about the way of life of immigrants the majority population in our country, about the pros and cons of migration for the host state, no wonder in the czech environment occur feelings of threat based primarily on irrational fear of the unknown. why i chose the topic to adapt to another culture? my name is, oksana.my name is a modification of the greek names of xenia, which translates to "foreign" if we derive from the greek word xenos or also as a "loving guests" in case we derive from the adjective xenois. if you look past the nomen amen, so my inner motivation is personal experience. i'm from the second generation of half of immigrants (slovakia - ukrainian).i received a "sensitivity" perception behavior, meeting people from different cultures and to the perception of any misunderstanding, which may result from such a meeting. immigrant or a stranger? at the beginning of his work, i've worked as an incoming call. the most commonly used name of immigrant because stranger me slightly different meanings - evokes a stranger in my own apartment, the family, etc.and is associated with a certain negative connotations. immigrant appears to be neutral name. the name "the stranger" i use most frequently in the case of the czech legislation, which is known only to this concept, or in terms of the foreigners as "no self". 8 at the beginning of our common way to defining the concepts and processes, such as culture, value system, the adaptation phase, copingové strategyprejudices and stereotypes when we get to the point of view of bohemia, as the majority population and brief characteristics of individual national minorities with us. in the empirical part, after setting goals for research and a description of the methods used, we analysis the data obtained, and finally, summing up the results.