Around 1956 some progress began to be made towards creating an adult franchise and electing local office bearers, but this was confined mainly to the Bengal(now Bangladesh) and Punjab provinces. In 1957-58 half the municipal councils in West Pakistan(the present Pakistan) were still managed by government-appointed administrators, as in most cases elections had not been held after the expiry of their terms of office. Waseem(1994) points out that, even where elections were held, there was only a limited franchise and massive malpractice.