3. Our work We love our computers f

3. Our work We love our computers for all the ways they make our lives (and the world) better -- the wealth of knowledge (and democratizing force) of the Internet, the instantaneous communication, the sophisticated tools that help us work and create and share. But this modern world's greatest tool is among our most disposable and resource-heavy items. Performance-wise, computer design has progressed staggeringly well and astonishingly fast but looking at it from a green perspective, the work has barely begun. It takes a lot of energy to create, package, store, and move every 10-20 megabytes of data. Even with energy prices as cheap as they are now, it will soon cost more to power a computer for four years than it does to buy a new one. When a computer dies it either rots in a landfill, or children in the developing world end up wrestling its components apart by hand, melting toxic bits to recover traces of heavy metals. Manufacturing computers means the use of lead, cadmium, mercury, and other toxics in general and laptop in particular. Normally, computers can contain 4 to 8 pounds of lead alone, according to green experts. It's no wonder that computers and other electronics make up two- fifths of all lead in landfills. To counter this growing pollution threat all over the world due to the growing use of electronic device in general and computers in particular a need to look for a green computer. So far, consumers haven't cared about ecological impact when buying computers, they've cared only about speed and price. But as Moore's Law marches on and computers commodities, consumers will become pickier about being green. Devices use less and less power while renewable energy gets more and more portable and effective. New green materials are developed every year, and many toxic ones are already being replaced by them. The greenest computer will not miraculously fall from the sky one day, it’ll be the product of years of improvements. The features of a green computer of tomorrow would be like: efficiency, manufacturing & materials, recyclables, service model, self-powering, and other trends. Green computer will be one of the major contributions, which will break down the 'digital divide', the electronic gulf that separates the information rich from the information poor. As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmos and electronic items, energy issues will get a serious ring in the coming days, as the public debate on carbon emissions, global warming and climate change gets hotter. If we think computers are nonpolluting and consume very little energy we need to think again. It is estimated that out of $250 billion per year spent on powering computers worldwide only about 15% of that power is spent computing- the rest is wasted idling. Thus, energy saved on computer hardware and computing will equate tonnes of carbon emissions saved per year. Taking into consideration the popular use of information technology industry, it has to lead a revolution of sorts by turning green in a manner no industry has ever done before. It is worth emphasizing that this “green technology” should not be just about sound bytes to impress activists but concrete action and organizational policy. Opportunities lie in green technology like never before in history and organizations are seeing it as a way to create new profit centres while trying to help the environmental cause. The plan towards green IT should include new electronic products and services with optimum efficiency and all possible options towards energy savings. Faster processors historically use more power. Inefficient CPU's are a double hit because they both use too much power themselves and their waste heat increases air conditioning needs, especially in server farms--between the computers and the HVAC. The waste heat also causes reliability problems, as CPU's crash much more often at higher temperatures. Many people have been working for years to slice this inefficiency out of computers. Similarly, power supplies are notoriously bad, generally as little as 47% efficient. And since everything in a computer runs off the power supply, nothing can be efficient without a good power supply. Recent inventions of power supply are helping fix this by running at 80% efficiency or better. Power management soft-wares also help the computers to sleep or hibernate when not in use. On the far horizon, reversible computing (which also includes quantum computing) promises to reduce power consumption by a factor of several thousand, but such systems are still very much in the laboratories. The best way to recycle a computer, however, is to keep it and upgrade it. Further, it is important to design computers which can be powered with low power obtained from non-conventional energy sources like solar energy, pedaling a bike, turning a hand-crank etc.

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3。我们的工作，我们爱我们的电脑上所有的方式，他们使我们的生活（世界）更好——知识财富（和民主的力量）的互联网，即时通信，先进的工具，帮助我们的工作和创造和分享。但这个现代世界最重要的工具是我们最可支配资源重的物品。性能明智，计算机设计已取得进展，但惊人的速度快得令人惊讶的看着它从绿色的角度看，工作才刚刚开始。这需要大量的能量去创造，包装，储存，并将每10兆字节的数据。尽管能源价格像现在一样便宜，它很快就会花费更多的执政四年的计算机比买一个新的。当计算机死它要么腐烂的垃圾填埋场，或孩子在世界的斗争结束其成分除了用手工显影，熔化的有毒碎片回收重金属的痕迹。制造计算机的铅，镉，汞和其他有毒物质的使用，在一般和特别是手提电脑。通常情况下，电脑可以包含4至8磅的铅单独，按绿色的专家。难怪电脑和其他电子设备，使两个堆填区的所有导致五。针对日益严重的污染威胁全世界由于越来越多地使用一般的电子设备和电脑，特别是需要寻找一个绿色电脑。到目前为止，消费者并不关心生态影响购买电脑时，他们只关心速度和价格。但正如穆尔定律前进和电脑的商品，消费者会变得日益成为绿色。设备使用更少的电力，可再生能源越来越便捷和有效的。绿色新材料的开发，每一年，许多有毒物质已经被他们。环保电脑不会奇迹般地从天上掉下来的一天，这将是多年来改进产品。一个绿色的计算机的特点，明天会像：效率，制造&材料，回收，服务模式，自供电，和其他的趋势。绿色电脑将是一个重大的贡献，这将打破“数字鸿沟”，将丰富的信息从信息差的电子湾。第二十一世纪属于计算机，产品和电子产品，能源问题将在未来几天内得到一个严重的环，随着对碳排放的公共辩论，全球变暖和气候变化，气温。如果我们认为计算机是无污染和消耗很少的能量，我们需要重新考虑。据估计，250000000000美元花在电脑世界供电只有权力是在计算其余的15%年浪费了怠速。因此，能量保存在计算机硬件和计算将把碳排放量每年节省吨。考虑到普遍使用的信息技术产业，它已转向绿色产业的方式没有做过各种各样的革命领导。值得强调的是，这种“绿色技术”不应该只是声音留下深刻的印象，但具体的行动和积极分子组织的政策。机会躺在绿色技术是历史上从来没有过的和组织都把它作为一种创造新的利润中心，试图帮助环保事业。该计划应包括对绿色的新电子产品和服务的最佳效率，对节约能源的所有可能的选项。更快的处理器上使用更多的电力。低效率的CPU的双重打击因为他们都使用太多的权力，他们自己和他们的余热空调需求的增加，特别是在服务器农场——电脑和空调之间。余热也导致可靠性问题，作为CPU的碰撞更经常在较高的温度下。许多人多年来一直致力于片这种低效的电脑。同样，电源是非常糟糕的，一般低至47%的效率。由于在计算机中运行的一切断电源，都不能没有一个好的电源效率。电源近期的发明帮助运行效率在80%或更好的解决这个问题。电源管理软件还帮助电脑睡眠或休眠在不使用的时候。远方的地平线上，可逆计算（其中也包括量子计算）将以千倍降低功耗，但这样的系统仍然在实验室很。最好的方式来回收电脑，然而，是保持和提升。进一步的，它是设计计算机可使用非传统能源如太阳能获得低功耗的重要，蹬自行车，一只手转动曲柄等。