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Drain-Induced Barrier LoweringDrain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL, pronounced "dibble") causes a threshold voltagereduction with the application of a drain-source voltage. The positive potential at thedrain terminal helps to attract electrons under the gate oxide and thus increase the surfacepotential Vs. In other words VDS helps to invert the channel on the drain side of the device,causing a reduction in the threshold voltage. Since VTHN decreases with increasing VDS, theresult is an increase in drain current and thus a decrease in the MOSFET's outputresistance.Gate-Induced Drain LeakageGate-Induced Drain Leakage (GIDL, pronounced "giddle") is a term used to describe acomponent of the drain to substrate leakage current. When the device is in accumulation(e.g. the gate of an NMOS device is at ground) the surface and substrate potentials arenearly the same. In this situation there can be a dramatic increase in avalanchemultiplication or band-to-band tunneling when the drain is at a higher potential. Minoritycarriers underneath the gate are swept to the substrate creating the leakage current.Gate Tunnel CurrentAs the oxide thickness scales downwards, the probability of carriers directly tunnelingthrough the gate oxide increases. For oxide thicknesses less than 15 Ä, this gate currentcan be significant. To reduce the tunnel current, various sandwiches of dielectrics arebeing explored. Figure 16.67 later in the book presents some results showing values fordirect tunnel currents under various operating conditions.
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