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Usually, an inert silica (SiO2) nanoparticle coating on the surface of magnetite nanoparticles prevents their aggregation, improves their chemical stability, and provides better protection against toxicity [8]. The silica coating stabilizes themagnetite nanoparticles in two differentways. One is by shielding the magnetic dipole interaction with the silica shell. On the other hand, the silica nanoparticles are negatively charged. Therefore, the silica coating enhances the coulomb repulsion of the magnetic nanoparticles [9]. As a result, magnetic core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles have been extensively applied in many fields.
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