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can be used to help relieve this. With low-order interleaving, the low-order bits of
the address are used to select the bank; in high-order interleaving, the high-order
bits of the address are used.
High-order interleaving, the more intuitive organization, distributes the
addresses so that each module contains consecutive addresses, as we see with the
32 addresses in Figure 4.6.
Low-order interleaved memory places consecutive words of memory in different
memory modules. Figure 4.7 shows low-order interleaving on 32
addresses.
With the appropriate buses using low-order interleaving, a read or write using
one module can be started before a read or write using another module actually
completes (reads and writes can be overlapped).
The memory concepts we have covered are very important and appear in various
places in the remaining chapters, in particular in Chapter 6, which discusses
memory in detail. The key concepts to focus on are: (1) Memory addresses are
unsigned binary values (although we often view them as hex values because it is
easier), and (2) The number of items to be addressed determines the numbers of
bits that occur in the address. Although we could always use more bits for the
address than required, that is seldom done because minimization is an important
concept in computer design.
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