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One common technique is for migrant smugglers
to arrange for migrants to travel legitimately from
China to Latin America or Cuba via the United
Arab Emirates and then Russia by air. From Latin
America or Cuba, Chinese and local smugglers
arrange onward air travel to Mexico (e.g., Cancun),
although a small number are moved by sea given the
short distance from coast to coast (509 kilometres).
Cuba is a popular departure point for maritime
routes to southern Florida or the Caribbean Islands,
although maritime entry to the United States is
– due to the ease of detection on a well-patrolled
coastline – far more difficult than crossing at the land
border. Countries in Central and South America are
also commonly used to reach Mexico with the aid
of Chinese and local smugglers (such as ‘coyotes’ or
‘polleros’). Once close to the United States border,
authorities believe that most smuggled migrants
destroy their documentation as it is common to
find sets of partially destroyed documents just
south of the border. Smuggled in trucks or on foot,
authorities suspect that Chinese migrants are held
in Mexican safe houses until onward passage can be
arranged. The journey to the United States – Mexico
border is notoriously dangerous. As a result, migrant
smuggling via Latin America is constantly changing.
Immigration enforcement, corrupt officials,
immigration policies, and even weather conditions
affect the actions of smugglers (including the routes
used, modus operandi, and fees charged).
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