Founded in social cognitive theory, teachers' self-efficacy beliefs have been repeatedly
associated with positive teaching behaviors and student outcomes. However, teacher efficacy
has developed a storied history regarding construct validity and measurement integrity. Study of
teacher efficacy now stands on the verge of maturity, but such developmental growth will likely
be contingent on development of strong theoretical models and effective instrumentation to
assess theoretical constructs. The purpose of the present article is to: (a) briefly review the
theoretical foundation of teacher efficacy and critically evaluate historical attempts to measure
teacher efficacy, (b) discuss important substantive implications stemming from efficacy research
that may advance the field, (c) present recent measurement advances, and (d) highlight several
methodologies that have been underutilized in development of teacher efficacy instruments.