Usage[edit]A credit card issuing co

Usage[edit]
A credit card issuing company, such as a bank or credit union, enters into agreements with merchants for them to accept their credit cards. Merchants often advertise which cards they accept by displaying acceptance marks – generally derived from logos – or this may be communicated in signage in the establishment or in company material (e.g., a restaurant's menu may indicate which credit cards are accepted). Merchants may also communicate this orally, as in "We take (brands X, Y, and Z)" or "We don't take credit cards".


Visa, Master Card, American Express
The credit card issuer issues a credit card to a customer at the time or after an account has been approved by the credit provider, which need not be the same entity as the card issuer. The cardholders can then use it to make purchases at merchants accepting that card. When a purchase is made, the cardholder agrees to pay the card issuer. The cardholder indicates consent to pay by signing a receipt with a record of the card details and indicating the amount to be paid or by entering a personal identification number (PIN). Also, many merchants now accept verbal authorizations via telephone and electronic authorization using the Internet, known as a card not present transaction (CNP).

Electronic verification systems allow merchants to verify in a few seconds that the card is valid and the cardholder has sufficient credit to cover the purchase, allowing the verification to happen at time of purchase. The verification is performed using a credit card payment terminal or point-of-sale (POS) system with a communications link to the merchant's acquiring bank. Data from the card is obtained from a magnetic stripe or chip on the card; the latter system is called Chip and PIN in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and is implemented as an EMV card.

For card not present transactions where the card is not shown (e.g., e-commerce, mail order, and telephone sales), merchants additionally verify that the customer is in physical possession of the card and is the authorized user by asking for additional information such as the security code printed on the back of the card, date of expiry, and billing address.

Each month, the cardholder is sent a statement indicating the purchases made with the card, any outstanding fees, and the total amount owed. In the US, after receiving the statement, the cardholder may dispute any charges that he or she thinks are incorrect (see 15 U.S.C. § 1643, which limits cardholder liability for unauthorized use of a credit card to $50). The Fair Credit Billing Act gives details of the US regulations. The cardholder must pay a defined minimum portion of the amount owed by a due date, or may choose to pay a higher amount. The credit issuer charges interest on the unpaid balance if the billed amount is not paid in full (typically at a much higher rate than most other forms of debt). In addition, if the cardholder fails to make at least the minimum payment by the due date, the issuer may impose a "late fee" and/or other penalties. To help mitigate this, some financial institutions can arrange for automatic payments to be deducted from the cardholder's bank account, thus avoiding such penalties altogether, as long as the cardholder has sufficient funds.

Many banks now also offer the option of electronic statements, either in lieu of or in addition to physical statements, which can be viewed at any time by the cardholder via the issuer's online banking website. Notification of the availability of a new statement is generally sent to the cardholder's email address. If the card issuer has chosen to allow it, the cardholder may have other options for payment besides a physical check, such as an electronic transfer of funds from a checking account. Depending on the issuer, the cardholder may also be able to make multiple payments during a single statement period, possibly enabling him or her to utilize the credit limit on the card several times.

Advertising, solicitation, application and approval[edit]

Results (English) 3:

使用[编辑]一家信用卡发卡公司，如银行或信用社，与商家签订协议，接受信用卡。商家往往通过展示认可标志而接受的牌广告，这通常是来自于标志，或者说，这可能是在标牌中，或者在公司的材料（例如，餐厅的菜单可以显示信用卡被接受）。商家也可以口头沟通，如在“我们采取（品牌，y，和z）”或“我们不采取信用卡”。的签证，万事达卡，美国运通信用卡发行人信用卡给客户的信用卡，在时间或之后的帐户已被信贷供应商批准，这不必是同一个实体作为发卡机构。持卡人可以使用它卡在商户进行购买。在购买时，持卡人同意支付发卡。持卡人表示同意，通过签署一张收据，并注明金额，以支付或输入个人识别号码（密码）的收据。另外，现在很多商家接受口头授权通过互联网电话和电子授权，称不存在卡交易（CNP）。

电子验证系统允许商家验证几秒钟，卡的有效期和持卡人有足够的信用卡支付购买，允许验证的时候购买的情况发生。验证是使用信用卡支付终端或销售点（POS）执行与通信链接到商户的收单银行系统。从卡片上的磁条或芯片获得从卡数据；后者是在英国和爱尔兰被称为芯片和引脚，并作为EMV卡实现的。

对于未显示卡的交易（例如，电子商务，邮件订购，电话销售），商家还验证客户是在物理上的卡，并要求附加信息，如安全码印上的背面卡，过期日期，和帐单地址，持卡人发了一份声明，说明购买的信用卡，任何未支付的费用，以及所欠款项总额。在美国，接收的声明后，持卡人可争议的任何指控，他或她认为是错误的（见15 U.S.C. 1643§，限制未经授权使用信用卡的持卡人责任50美元）。公平信用的账单法案给美国法规的细节。持卡人必须支付一定的最低金额，由到期日欠款额，或可以选择支付更高的金额。信用发行人对未付余额的利息，如果支付金额是不足额支付（通常以一个高得多的速度比大多数其他形式的债务）。此外，如果持卡人未能按到期日至少支付最低付款额，发行人可以处以“迟交”和/或其他处罚。为了帮助缓解这一点，一些金融机构可以安排自动付款，从持卡人的银行账户中扣除，从而避免了这样的罚款，只要持卡人有足够的资金。许多银行现在也提供了电子报表的选择，无论是以代替或在除了物理报表，可在任何时间由持卡人通过网上银行网站查看。一个新的声明的可用性通知一般发送给持卡人的电子邮件地址。如果信用卡发行人已经选择允许它，持卡人可以有其他的付款方式，除了实物支票，例如从支票帐户上的资金的电子转移。根据发行人，持卡人还可以在一个单一的语句期间，使他或她利用信用卡上的限制几次，以使多个付款，应用和批准[编辑]