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When a NIC (Network Interface Card) receives a valid packet, the normal behavior is for the NIC to check to see if the Destination DLC Address in the packet is one that it has been configured to recognize. If the destination DLC Address is one that the NIC has been configured to recognize, then the packet is passed up to the next higher layer of processing.
Bridges, on the other hand, listen to the network in promiscuous mode, meaning that they accept all packets, regardless of the packets' addressing. On a side note, this promiscuous mode is the same thing that allows your network analyzer to capture all the packets going across the network. The bridge then looks up each packet's Destination DLC Address in its internal tables to find out which port the Destination NIC is attached to. Finally, it forwards the packet onto only the necessary port. In the case of a broadcast message, the bridge forwards the packet onto every port except the port that the packet came in on. Promiscuous listening is the key to the bridge's transparent operation. Since the bridge effectively "hears" all packets that are transmitted, it can decide whether forwarding is necessary without any special behavior from the individual stations.
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