The Caliphate is an attractor to all of these young people, providing purpose and freedom from what they have come to see as the vice of a meaningless, material world. The Islamic State Caliphate is supposed to conform to the pure, Salafi vision of the Prophet’s initial followers (ie of the salaf, or ‘forebears’). It is an imperial enterprise that demands offensive jihad, or holy war, against the infidel (kafir), as an ‘individual obligation’ (fard al-’ayn) of everyone who belongs to the ‘House of Islam’ (Dar al-Islam).