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If <br>an <br>animal <br>has a need, it<br>s motivational state is affected <br>so <br>that behavioral and<br>physiological responses that should result in<br>remedying that need <br>can <br>be <br>made. <br>These coping responses allow the animal to control and maintain mental and bodily <br>stability. Coping includes normal regul<br>ation <br>of <br>body state and emergen<br>cy responses, <br>such as high adrenal activity, heart rate, <br>or <br>flight activity, which require more <br>energy expenditure and hence <br>are <br>used only when the animal predicts that normal <br>r<br>egulatory actions will be inade<br>quate. The animal may succeed in its attempts to<br>cope with the conditions in which it finds itself, in which case it has adapted to <br>those conditions. Sometimes it may succeed only with great difficulty. Alternatively, <br>it may fail <br>to cope, in that its fitness is reduced <br>as <br>evidenced by death, or failure <br>to <br>grow, or failure to reproduce. In <br>this <br>case, when control systems are overtaxed and <br>there is an actual or potentia ...
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