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Zanamivir (Za) is a highly polar and hydrophilic antiviral drug used for the treatment of influenza Aviruses. Za has been detected in rivers of Japan and it's environmental occurrence has the risk of inducingantiviral resistant avian influenza viruses. In this study, a rapid automated online solid phase extractionliquid chromatography method using bonded zwitterionic stationary phases and tandem mass spectrometry (SPE/LC–MS/MS) for trace analysis of Za was developed. Furthermore, an internal standard (IS)calibration method capable of quantifying Za in Milli-Q, surface water, sewage effluent and sewageinfluent was evaluated. Optimum pre-extraction sample composition was found to be 95/5 v/v acetonitrile/water sample and 1% formic acid. The developed method showed acceptable linearities(r2Z0.994), filtration recovery (Z91%), and intra-day precisions (RSDr16%), and acceptable andenvironmentally relevant LOQs (r20 ng L1). Storage tests showed no significant losses of Za during 20days and þ4/20 °C (r12%) with the exception of influent samples, which should be kept at 20 °C toavoid significant Za losses. The applicability of the method was demonstrated in a study on phototransformation of Za in unfiltered and filtered surface water during 28 days of artificial UV irradiationexposure. No significant (r12%) phototransformation was found in surface water after 28 days suggesting a relatively high photostability of Za and that Za should be of environmental concern.และ 2015 ผู้เขียน เผยแพร่ โดย Elsevier b.v นี่คือบทความเข้าเปิดภายใต้การ CC BY-NC-ND
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