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The growth of the car industry parallels the development ofmodern capitalism. It began in France and Germany, but tookoff in the United States. There Henry Ford adapted the movingproduction line from the Chicago meat industry to motormanufacturing, thus inventing mass production. In the 1920sAlfred Sloan's management theories helped General Motors tobecome the worlds dominant car company. After the secondworld war the car makers focused on the styling of theirproducts to encourage more frequent model changes. Fromthe 1970s there was criticism of the industry due to theinefficiency of most vehicles, which used petrol wastefully. Atthe same time, trades unions became increasingly militant indefence of their members ' jobs. Today the industry ownssome of the most famous brands in the world. However, manycar makers are currently threatened by increased competitionand saturated markets.
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