Recovery of Water from WastewaterIt is often desirable to reclaim wate translation - Recovery of Water from WastewaterIt is often desirable to reclaim wate Indonesian how to say

Recovery of Water from WastewaterIt

Recovery of Water from Wastewater
It is often desirable to reclaim water from wastewater.7 This is especially true in
regions where water is in short supply. Even where water is abundant, water
recycling is desirable to minimize the amount of water that is discharged.
A little more than half of the water used in the U.S. is consumed by agriculture,
primarily for irrigation. Steam-generating power plants consume about one-fourth of
the water, and other uses, including manufacturing and domestic uses, account for
the remainder.
The three major manufacturing consumers of water are chemicals and allied
products, paper and allied products, and primary metals. These industries use water
for cooling, processing, and boilers. Their potential for water reuse is high and their
total consumption of water is projected to drop in future years as recycling becomes
more common.
The degree of treatment required for reuse of wastewater depends upon its
application. Water used for industrial quenching and washing usually requires the
least treatment, and wastewater from some other processes may be suitable for these
purposes without additional treatment. At the other end of the scale, boiler makeup
water, potable (drinking) water, water used to directly recharge aquifers, and water
that people will directly contact (in boating, water skiing, and similar activities) must
be of very high quality.
The treatment processes applied to wastewater for reuse and recycle depend
upon both the characteristics of the wastewater and its intended uses. Solids can be
removed by sedimentation and filtration. Biochemical oxygen demand is reduced by
biological treatment, including trickling filters and activated sludge treatment. For
uses conducive to the growth of nuisance algae, nutrients may have to be removed.
The easiest of these to handle is nutrient phosphate, which can be precipitated with
lime. Nitrogen can be removed by denitrification processes.
Two of the major problems with industrial water recycling are heavy metals and
dissolved toxic organic species. Heavy metals may be removed by ion exchange or
precipitation by base or sulfide. The organic species are usually removed with activated
carbon filtration. Some organic species are biologically degraded by bacteria
in biological wastewater treatment.
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Recovery of Water from WastewaterIt is often desirable to reclaim water from wastewater.7 This is especially true inregions where water is in short supply. Even where water is abundant, waterrecycling is desirable to minimize the amount of water that is discharged.A little more than half of the water used in the U.S. is consumed by agriculture,primarily for irrigation. Steam-generating power plants consume about one-fourth ofthe water, and other uses, including manufacturing and domestic uses, account forthe remainder.The three major manufacturing consumers of water are chemicals and alliedproducts, paper and allied products, and primary metals. These industries use waterfor cooling, processing, and boilers. Their potential for water reuse is high and theirtotal consumption of water is projected to drop in future years as recycling becomesmore common.The degree of treatment required for reuse of wastewater depends upon itsapplication. Water used for industrial quenching and washing usually requires theleast treatment, and wastewater from some other processes may be suitable for thesepurposes without additional treatment. At the other end of the scale, boiler makeupwater, potable (drinking) water, water used to directly recharge aquifers, and waterthat people will directly contact (in boating, water skiing, and similar activities) mustbe of very high quality.The treatment processes applied to wastewater for reuse and recycle dependupon both the characteristics of the wastewater and its intended uses. Solids can beremoved by sedimentation and filtration. Biochemical oxygen demand is reduced bybiological treatment, including trickling filters and activated sludge treatment. Foruses conducive to the growth of nuisance algae, nutrients may have to be removed.The easiest of these to handle is nutrient phosphate, which can be precipitated withlime. Nitrogen can be removed by denitrification processes.Two of the major problems with industrial water recycling are heavy metals anddissolved toxic organic species. Heavy metals may be removed by ion exchange orprecipitation by base or sulfide. The organic species are usually removed with activatedcarbon filtration. Some organic species are biologically degraded by bacteriain biological wastewater treatment.
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Pemulihan Air dari limbah
Hal ini sering diinginkan untuk merebut kembali air dari wastewater.7 Hal ini terutama berlaku di
daerah di mana air dalam pasokan pendek. Bahkan di mana air berlimpah, air
daur ulang ini diinginkan untuk meminimalkan jumlah air yang dibuang.
Sedikit lebih dari setengah air yang digunakan di AS dikonsumsi oleh pertanian,
terutama untuk irigasi. Pembangkit listrik tenaga uap yang menghasilkan mengkonsumsi sekitar seperempat dari
air, dan kegunaan lain, termasuk manufaktur dan penggunaan domestik, menjelaskan
sisanya.
Tiga konsumen manufaktur besar air adalah bahan kimia dan sekutu
produk, kertas dan produk bersekutu, dan logam dasar . Industri-industri ini menggunakan air
untuk pendinginan, pengolahan, dan boiler. Potensi mereka untuk digunakan kembali air tinggi dan mereka
total konsumsi air diproyeksikan turun di tahun-tahun mendatang sebagai daur ulang menjadi
lebih umum.
Tingkat pengobatan yang diperlukan untuk penggunaan kembali air limbah tergantung pada nya
aplikasi. Air yang digunakan untuk pendinginan industri dan cuci biasanya memerlukan
pengobatan setidaknya, dan air limbah dari beberapa proses lain mungkin tidak cocok untuk ini
tujuan tanpa pengobatan tambahan. Di ujung lain dari skala, boiler makeup
air, minum (minum) air, air yang digunakan untuk langsung mengisi ulang akuifer, dan air
yang orang akan langsung menghubungi (dalam berperahu, ski air, dan kegiatan sejenis) harus
menjadi kualitas yang sangat tinggi.
Proses pengolahan air limbah diterapkan untuk digunakan kembali dan daur ulang tergantung
pada baik karakteristik air limbah dan penggunaannya dimaksudkan. Padatan dapat
dihilangkan dengan sedimentasi dan filtrasi. Biochemical oxygen demand dikurangi dengan
pengobatan biologis, termasuk menetes filter dan pengolahan lumpur aktif. Untuk
menggunakan kondusif untuk pertumbuhan ganggang gangguan, nutrisi mungkin harus dihapus.
Yang paling mudah dari ini untuk menangani adalah fosfat nutrisi, yang dapat diendapkan dengan
kapur. Nitrogen dapat dihilangkan dengan proses denitrifikasi.
Dua masalah utama dengan daur ulang air industri adalah logam berat dan
spesies organik beracun terlarut. Logam berat dapat dihilangkan dengan pertukaran ion atau
curah hujan dengan dasar atau sulfida. Spesies organik biasanya diangkat dengan aktif
filtrasi karbon. Beberapa spesies organik secara biologis terdegradasi oleh bakteri
dalam pengolahan air limbah biologis.
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