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In the theology it may be that the chief artific person is the church, but inJuisprudence the chief artificial person is the State, The State is an artificial person created in order that by assuming it as organs are men engaged in protecting a mass of human beings from extemal and internal fraud and violence, a unity of operation may be given to those organs.who creates the State and on what basis does its continuous existence rest?In every aggregation of men, here are some of the members who impress theirwill upon the others, who are habitually obeyed by thee and who are, in truth, the rulers of the society. The sources from which their authority flows are of the most diersk character. They may be, or may pretend to be, divinely inspired. It may be their physical strength, their wisdon, their cunning, their virtue, their vices, oftenest, perhaps, their assiduity and persistence that have given them their power. The sources of this power are indeed. so various, and its mode of action so subtle and often unknown even by those who exercise it. that it is impossible to define orclosely trace it(3) It is some time said that State is the creature of the people. This isthe untrue if it is meant that, as a fact, the people uphold it. The people, in that, as in otherthings, exercise no poweragainst those, to whom they have subjected their wills. Thepeople no more have created and uphold the state because they have the physical
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