Where do billionaires go to univers

Where do billionaires go to university?
Are the super-rich more likely to be better educated? Or have they spurned scholarship and dedicated themselves to the serious business of being seriously rich?

According to a global census of dollar billionaires, almost two-thirds have a university degree. That means that even for countries with a high level of graduates, billionaires are disproportionately likely to have gone to university.

In the UK, more than four out of five billionaires were in higher education - not so much rags to riches as rag week to riches.

The educational insights are from an annual profile of the uber-rich, the Wealth-X and UBS Billionaire Census, produced by the Swiss banking group and a Singapore-based financial intelligence firm.

It examines the wealth and background of more than 2,300 billionaires - and the findings undermine the image of the wealthy as being self-taught self-starters trained on the market stall.

As well as being much more likely to be graduates, a quarter have postgraduate degrees and more than one in 10 has a doctorate.

This map of wealth also shows that these dollar billionaires - worth at least £620m and typically more than three times this amount - are likely to have attended some of the traditionally most prestigious universities.

The top 20 for universities producing billionaires is dominated by blue-chip, elite US institutions, which take 16 of the places.
Elite institutions

The University of Pennsylvania has produced more than any other institution, followed by Harvard, Yale, the University of Southern California, Princeton, Cornell and Stanford.

And the most likely way of making money is by dealing in money, with billionaires mostly making their fortunes through finance, banking and investment.
University of Pennsylvania has produced the most billionaires

But there are also some indications that the geography of the super rich is changing. Reflecting India's growing economy, the University of Mumbai is in ninth place in the league table.

The only UK university in this wealth list is the London School of Economics, in 10th place, with no place for Oxford or Cambridge.

The rise of Russia's wealthy is reflected in the 11th place for Lomonosov Moscow State University.

But the dominance of the US universities is not simply about the US producing more billionaires. More than a quarter of the billionaires who attended US universities to take undergraduate degrees were from other countries.

This was even more the case for postgraduate courses in the US, where 39% came from overseas.

There could also be something of a time-lag, because the average age of this group is 63, attending the university systems of four decades ago.
University donations

The connection with university carries into later life. More than half of billionaires are involved in philanthropic projects and the biggest single cause they support is education - and within this category, it is particularly higher education that gets their backing.

It helps to explain how Harvard's fundraising drive could set an eye-watering target of $6.5bn (£4bn).
Billionaires are increasingly concentrated in a few global cities, such as London, Moscow and New York

The study shows a pattern of wealth being concentrated in a small number of places. More than 40% of billionaires in Europe live in just 10 cities, headed by Moscow and London. Globally the biggest city for billionaires is New York.

It also creates some jarring contrasts. Nigeria has become the country with the most number of children without access to any education - while this report shows that Nigeria is on course to have the most billionaires in Africa.

There have been repeated international studies from organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development showing that going to university remains a strong investment in terms of improving the chance of a higher-income job.

Such studies have rejected the idea that not going to university could be a smarter move or that the value of a degree will fall below the cost of tuition.

But Frank Furedi, author, social commentator and former professor of sociology, says that one of the "big secrets" of the expansion of higher education has been a growing gap between the most prestigious universities and the rest.

"The hierarchy has become more fixed," says Prof Furedi.

These top universities have become the place where "global players gather".

He says there has always been a tension between universities promoting social mobility and being the route for handing on advantage to the next generation.

"Education has always been contradictory, it's the way that some people make their way up and it's the way of consolidating privilege.

Results (English) 1:

Where do billionaires go to university?Are the super-rich more likely to be better educated? Or have they spurned scholarship and dedicated themselves to the serious business of being seriously rich?According to a global census of dollar billionaires, almost two-thirds have a university degree. That means that even for countries with a high level of graduates, billionaires are disproportionately likely to have gone to university.In the UK, more than four out of five billionaires were in higher education-not so much rags to riches as rag week to riches.The educational insights are from an annual profile of the over-rich, the Wealth-X and UBS Billionaire Census, produced by the Swiss banking group and a Singapore-based financial intelligence firm.It examines the wealth and background of more than 2, 300 billionaires-and the findings undermine the image of the wealthy as being self-taught self-starters trained on the market stall.As well as being much more likely to be graduates, a quarter have postgraduate degrees and more than one in 10 has a doctorate.This map of wealth also shows that these dollar billionaires-worth at least £620m and typically more than three times this amount-are likely to have attended some of the traditionally most prestigious universities.The top 20 for universities producing billionaires is dominated by blue-chip, elite US institutions, which take 16 of the places.Elite institutionsThe University of Pennsylvania has produced more than any other institution, followed by Harvard, Yale, the University of Southern California, Princeton, Cornell and Stanford.And the most likely way of making money is by dealing in money, with billionaires mostly making their fortunes through finance, banking and investment.University of Pennsylvania has produced the most billionairesBut there are also some indications that the geography of the super rich is changing. Reflecting Indonesia growing economy, the University of Mumbai is in ninth place in the league table.The only UK university in this wealth list is the London School of Economics, in 10th place, with no place for Oxford or Cambridge.The rise of Russian wealthy is reflected in the 11th place for Lomonosov Moscow State University.But the dominance of the US universities is not simply about the US producing more billionaires. More than a quarter of the billionaires who attended US universities to take undergraduate degrees were from other countries.This was even more the case for postgraduate courses in the US, where 39% came from overseas.There could also be something of a time-lag, because the average age of this group is 63, attending the university systems of four decades ago.University donationsThe connection with university carries into later life. More than half of billionaires are involved in philanthropic projects and the biggest single cause they support is education-and within this category, it is particularly higher education that gets their backing.It helps to explain how Harvard fundraising drive could set an eye-watering target of $6.5bn (£4bn).Billionaires are increasingly concentrated in a few global cities, such as London, Moscow and New YorkThe study shows a pattern of wealth being concentrated in a small number of places. More than 40% of billionaires in Europe live in just 10 cities, headed by Moscow and London. Globally the biggest city for billionaires is New York.It also creates some jarring contrasts. Nigeria has become the country with the most number of children without access to any education-while this report shows that Nigeria is on course to have the most billionaires in Africa.There have been repeated international studies from organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development showing that going to university remains a strong investment in terms of improving the chance of a higher-income job.Such studies have rejected the idea that not going to university could be a smarter move or that the value of a degree will fall below the cost of tuition.But Frank Furedi, author, social commentator and former professor of sociology, says that one of the "big secrets" of the expansion of higher education has been a growing gap between the most prestigious universities and the rest."The hierarchy has become more fixed," says Prof Furedi.These top universities have become the place where "global players gather".He says there has always been a tension between universities promoting social mobility and being the route for handing on advantage to the next generation."Education has always been contradictory, it's the way that some people make their way up and it's the way of consolidating privilege.

Results (English) 3:

哪里的亿万富翁去上大学？
是超级富豪更可能是更好的教育？还是他们唾弃的奖学金和致力于严重富严肃的生意？

根据全球亿万富翁普查，几乎有三分之二的大学学位。这意味着，即使是与高水平的毕业生的国家，亿万富翁都极有可能去上大学。

在英国，超过了五位亿万富豪四人在高等教育不是很多白手起家的作为服装周财富。

教育的见解是从有钱年度概况，Wealth-X和瑞银的亿万富翁普查，由瑞士银行集团和新加坡的金融情报公司生产的。

考察财富和超过2300的亿万富翁，背景和结果破坏了富有的图像作为自学成才的自主培训市场摊位。

以及更容易毕业生，一季度有硕士学位和一个以上的10有一个博士学位。

这张地图的财富也表明这些亿万富翁-至少价值£620m，通常超过三倍-可能有参加一些传统上最负盛名的大学。

排名前20的大学制造亿万富翁是由蓝筹股主导，美国精英机构，以16的地方。
精英机构

宾夕法尼亚大学已经生产了超过其他任何机构，其次是哈佛大学，耶鲁大学，南加州大学，普林斯顿，康奈尔和斯坦福大学。

和赚钱的最有可能的方式是通过处理金钱，与亿万富豪们大多发财通过金融，银行和投资。
宾夕法尼亚大学产生了最多的亿万富翁

但也有一些迹象表明，超级富豪的地理变化。反映了印度的经济增长，孟买大学在第九位的排名。

英国唯一的大学在这财富榜是伦敦经济学院，在第十的位置，没有牛津或剑桥的地方。

俄罗斯富豪的崛起体现在第十一个地方罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科大学。

但是美国大学的优势不仅仅是关于我们生产更多的亿万富翁。超过四分之一的亿万富翁谁参加了美国大学以本科学位的人来自其他国家。

更是在美国的研究生课程为例，其中39%来自海外。

也可能是一个时间滞后一些，因为这一群体的平均年龄是63岁，参加四年前的大学制度。
大学捐赠

与大学的联系进行到后来的生活。一半以上的亿万富翁们参与慈善项目和最大的单一原因他们支持教育和在这个范畴内，尤其是高等教育，得到他们的支持。

这有助于解释哈佛大学的募捐活动可以让眼浇水的65亿美元的目标（£亿美元）。
亿万富翁越来越集中在几个全球城市，如伦敦，莫斯科和纽约

的研究显示，财富集中在少数地方模式。40%以上的亿万富翁在欧洲居住在10个城市，莫斯科和伦敦去。全球亿万富翁的最大的城市是纽约。

也带来了一些不和谐的对比。尼日利亚已成为全国的儿童人数最多的没有任何教育，而这份报告显示，尼日利亚将在非洲拥有最多的亿万富翁。

有过多次国际研究机构如经济合作和发展组织表示，上大学是提高高收入的就业机会方面

强劲的投资。这样的研究已经否决了这一想法，不上大学可能是一个聪明的举动或学位的价值将低于成本的学费。

但弗兰克富里迪而言，作家，社会评论家和社会学教授前，说一个“大秘密”的高等教育扩张一直越来越多的差距最负盛名的大学和其他国家之间。