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7. The cultivation of cannabis herb continues to occur in most countriesworldwide, and in all regions of the world. In contrast, the large-scale production ofcannabis resin remains confined to a few countries in North Africa and South-WestAsia.8. Morocco reported eradicating 5,000 hectares (ha) of cannabis in 2013 andestimated that, after eradication, 42,000 ha remained under cannabis cultivation.The authorities reported2 that efforts to reduce the illicit cultivation of cannabis hadcontinued and had resulted in a 65 per cent reduction in the surface area of cannabisfarms in comparison with 2003. Morocco reported a stable trend with regard to thearea under illicit cannabis cultivation in 2013, and a decrease in the production ofcannabis resin, which amounted to 700 tons in 2013 (down from 760 tons in 2012).9. Afghanistan remains one of the main producers of cannabis resin, with totalcannabis cultivation estimated at 10,000 ha in 2012, yielding an estimated1,400 tons of cannabis resin, 8 per cent higher than the previous year.3 In 2013,cannabis cultivation in Afghanistan remained linked to opium poppy cultivation,with cannabis cultivation reported in 38 per cent of poppy-growing villages,compared with only 5 per cent of non-poppy-growing villages.4B. Opium poppy cultivation10. Afghanistan and Myanmar continued to account for the majority ofillicit opium poppy cultivation worldwide. Cultivation in Myanmar increasedbetween 2006 and 2013, while cultivation in Afghanistan reached record levelsin 2014.11. According to the findings of the 2014 Afghanistan opium survey, opium poppycultivation amounted to 224,000 ha in 2014, a 7 per cent increase comparedwith 2013. Annual estimates of the area under opium poppy cultivation inAfghanistan have increased for four consecutive years. The majority (89 per cent) ofopium poppy cultivation took place in nine provinces in the country’s southern andwestern regions. Potential opium production in Afghanistan in 2014 was estimatedat 6,400 tons, an increase of 17 per cent from the 2013 level (5,500 tons). Theincrease in production was the result of both increased cultivation and increasedyield. Average opium yield amounted to 28.7 kg per ha in 2014, which was 9 percent more than in 2013 (26.3 kg per ha).12. The link between insecurity and opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistancontinued to exist in 2014. According to the Department of Safety and Security ofthe Secretariat, the security risk in many of the provinces where opium poppycultivation occurred is “high” or “extreme”.13. According to the Southeast Asia Opium Survey 2013, illicit opium poppycultivation in the region covered more than 60,000 ha. After following a consistentdownward trend between 2000 and 2006, opium poppy cultivation in South-East
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