Psychological risk factors, that is measures of psychopathology, appear to provide a strong relationship to partner physical aggression. If a person holds an internalised belief that condones partner physical aggression, behaves with inappropriate spouse specific assertiveness and has generalised raised levels of anger and hostility there is an increased risk of partner physical aggression. Research however, has not confirmed a relationship between low self-esteem, authoritarianism, public assertiveness, and raised stress levels with partner physical aggression. Most of the studies showed that violent experiences in family of origin and alcohol and drug use are linked with wife abuse as risk factors.